Perylenes photovoltaics

Mikroyannidis JA, Stylianakis MM, Sharma GD, Balraju P, Roy MS (2009) A novel alternating phenylenevinylene copolymer with perylene bisimide units synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties. J Phys Chem C113 7904-7912... 

Attaching perylene moieties as side groups allows achievement of high concentration without affecting the electronic structure of the polymer backbone. Putting 16% perylene moieties as side chains predictably results in more efficient energy transfer, observed with polymer 360, both in solution and solid state (emission band at 599 nm). Although no PLED device with 360 has been reported, this material showed excellent performance in solar cells (external photovoltaic QE = 7%, in blend with PPV) [434]. 

Figure 4.27 Phthalocyanine-perylene p-n junction photovoltaic cell.

The crystalline composites obtained between poly(3-alkylthiophene) and polystyrene showed an enhanced conductivity (07MM6579). The preparation of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) and perylene diimide derivatives composites have been reported (06MI384). The photoluminescence spectra of this type of composites exhibit a significant photoluminescence quenching of the perylene diimide derivative. This result implies that the light absorbed by the perylene diimide units could also contribute to the generation of current at the photovoltaic device. 

Halls JJM, Friend RH (1997) The photovoltaic effect in a poly(p-phenylenevinylene)/ perylene heterojimction. Synth Met 85 1307... 

Cremer, J., E. Mena-Osteritz, N.G. Pschierer, K. Mullen, and P. Bauerle. 2005. Dye-functionalized head-to-tail coupled oligo(3-hexylthiophenes)-perylene-ohgothiophene dyads for photovoltaic applications. Org Biomol Chem 3 985-995. 

J. Cremer and P. Bauerle, Perylene-oligothiophene-perylene triads for photovoltaic applications, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 3715-3723 (2005). 

J. Cremer, P. Bfiuerle, Star-shaped perylene-oligothiophene-triphenylamine hybrid systems for photovoltaic applications, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 874-884 (2006). 

Table 18 Photovoltaic parameters of DSSCs with ZnPs modified with iV-annulated perylene and with the Co-based electron mediator [86]...

Balraju P, Kumar M, Deol YS et al (2010) Photovoltaic performance of quasi-solid state dye sensitized solar cells based on perylene dye and modified Ti02 photo-electrode. Synth Met... 

Nanostructured semiconducting block copolymers containing triphenylamine as hole transport moiety and perylene bisimide as dye and electron transport, have been investigated in view of applications in photovoltaic devices. The polymers show nanowire like structure which formation is driven by the crystallization of perylene bisimides via n- n stacking and since this self-assembly gives rise to domains size comparable to the exciton diffusion length, these materials offer perspectives for the implementation of organic solar cells [357]. 

Brunetti, F. G., Kumar, R. and Wudl, F. Organic electronics from perylene to organic photovoltaics Painting a brief history with a broad bmsh. J. Mater. Chem. 20, 2934—2948, 2010. 

Neuteboom EE, Meskers SCJ, Van Hal PA, Van Duien JKJ, Meijer EW, Janssen RAJ, Dupin H, Pourtois G, Comil J, Lazzaroni R, Bredas J-L, Beljonne D (2003) Alternating oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)-perylene bisimide copolymers synthesis, photophysics, and photovoltaic properties of a new class of donor-acceptor materials. J Am Chem Soc 125 8625... 

RAFT polymerization or nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) was used instead of ATRP for the synthesis of the block copolymer of polythiophene and polyisoprene or polystyrene, because ATRP generates materials containing traces of metals from the catalyst [146]. A block copolymer of P3HT and poly (perylene bisimide acrylate) was also synthesized by NMP from a polythiophene macroinitiator (Scheme 51) [147, 148]. This block copolymer is a crystalline-crystalline donor-acceptor block copolymer and shows microphase separation, implying efficient photovoltaic applications. A similar polythiophene macroinitiator for NMP was used for the synthesis of fullerene-grafted rod-coil block copolymers [149]. 

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