Peroxydisulfate S

Peroxydicarbonate s. Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate Peroxydisulfate s. Persulfate Peroxynialeic acid, oxidations with — 17,151... 

Peroxydisulfate s. Persulfate Peroxymaleic acid 26, 136 Peroxymercuration of ethylene derivs. 26, 637... 

The electrolytic processes for commercial production of hydrogen peroxide are based on (/) the oxidation of sulfuric acid or sulfates to peroxydisulfuric acid [13445-49-3] (peroxydisulfates) with the formation of hydrogen and (2) the double hydrolysis of the peroxydisulfuric acid (peroxydisulfates) to Caro s acid and then hydrogen peroxide. To avoid electrolysis of water, smooth platinum electrodes are used because of the high oxygen overvoltage. The overall reaction is... 

ESR experiments employing in situ photolytic decomposition of the peroxydisulfate anion (S20g ) have been carried out to study the reaction of S04 with aliphatic sulfoxides. In the case of dimethyl sulfoxide three radicals are detected ( CHj, CH3 S02, CH2 S(0)CH3), the proportion being pH-dependent. The reaction is assumed to proceed via an initially formed radical cation (not detected) which would be rapidly hydrated to give an intermediate identical with that generated by OH addition on the sulfoxide. Such a process parallels the rapid hydration of radical cations formed from thiophene in their reactions with SO/ and... 

Fast spectroscopy was also used to probe the reactivity of PBN +. The 266 nm laser excitation of peroxydisulfate ion in aqueous solution at room temperature gives the powerful oxidant SOr, which oxidizes PBN in an exergonic reaction (by about 0.8 eV, see Tables 1 and 5) with k = 3 X 109 dm3 mol-1 s 1. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for the decay of PBN + by reaction with water to give HO-PBN" was 2 x 106 s 1, a relatively slow reaction (k = 3.6 x 104 dm3 mol-1 s-1 at ambient temperature). 

Numerous sulfur and phosphorus peroxy compounds such as monopersulfuric acid (Caro s acid, la), monopersulfate (Oxone, Ib), ammonium monopersulfate Ic, tetra n-butyl-ammonium monopersulfate Id, peroxydisulfates 2a and 2b", tetra n-butylammonium peroxydisulfate 2c, symmetrical bissulfonyl peroxide 3 , acyl sulfonyl peroxide 4 , unsymmetrical sulfonyl peroxide 5 , sulfinyl peroxy intermediates 6a, sulfonyl peroxy intermediate 6b, sulfonimidoyl peroxy intermediate 7, bis(diphenyl phosphinyl) peroxide 8 , unsymmetrical phosphorus peroxide 9 and phosphoranyl peroxy intermediate 10" are known. Recently, many researchers have shown interest in the preparation and... 

Monopersulfuric acid (monoperoxysulfuric acid, H2SO5, Caro s acid) was first detected during electrolysis of sulfuric acid . Later, in 1898, Caro found the oxidation of aniline to nitrobenzene with ammonium peroxydisulfate Ic in H2SO4. Later, the oxidizing species was found to be 112805. ... 

Recently, Behiman and coworkers discussed the mechanism of the Elbs oxidation reaction and explained why the para product predominates over the ortho product in this oxidation. According to the authors, semiempirical calculations show that the intermediate formed by the reaction between peroxydisulfate anion and the phenolate ion is the species resulting from reaction of the tautomeric carbanion of the latter rather than by the one resulting from the attack by the oxyanion. This is confirmed by the synthesis of the latter intermediate by the reaction between Caro s acid dianion and some nitro-substituted fluorobenzenes. An example of oxidative functionalization of an aromatic compound is the conversion of alkylated aromatic compound 17 to benzyl alcohols 20. The initial step in the mechanism of this reaction is the formation of a radical cation 18, which subsequently undergoes deprotonation. The fate of the resulting benzylic radical 19 depends on the conditions and additives. In aqueous solution, for example, further oxidation and trapping of the cationic intermediate by water lead to the formation of the benzyl alcohols 20 (equation 13) . ... 

Delgado-Morales, W., Zingaro, R.A. and Mohan, M.S. (1994) Analysis and removal of arsenic from natural-gas using potassium peroxydisulfate and polysulfide absorbents. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 54(3), 203-20. 

Minisci s group developed homolytic substitution reactions of electron-poor arenes or hetarenes providing alkylarenes and -hetarenes extensively (see also Part 2, Sect. 2.5). The state of the art was reviewed thoroughly, so that the methodology is illustrated only by selected examples [435, 436, 437]. A protocol using silver nitrate as the catalyst and sodium peroxydisulfate as the stoichiometric oxidant proved to be very useful for the catalytic oxidative generation of radicals [438]. 

Americium was isolated first from plutonium, then from lanthanum and other impurities, by a combination of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange processes. Parallel with the separation, a vigorous program of research began. Beginning in 1950, a series of publications (1-24) on americium put into the world literature much of the classic chemistry of americium, including discussion of the hexavalent state, the soluble tetravalent state, oxidation potentials, disproportionation, the crystal structure(s) of the metal, and many compounds of americium. In particular, use of peroxydisulfate or ozone to oxidize americium to the (V) or (VI) states still provides the basis for americium removal from other elements. Irradiation of americium, first at Chalk River (Ontario, Canada) and later at the Materials Testing Reactor (Idaho), yielded curium for study. Indeed, the oxidation of americium and its separation from curium provided the clue utilized by others in a patented process for separation of americium from the rare earths. 

Peroxymonosulfuric acid, sometimes called Caro s acid, and its salts are of much less importance than the peroxydisulfates. Although polythionic acids having the general formula H2S 06 and salts of those acids are known, they are of little importance and will not be discussed further. 

K2O8S2 (s) Potassium Peroxydisulfate K2S2O8 (s) K2O8S2 (s) K2S2O8 (s)... 

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