Permittivity constant

E0 permittivity constant for free space (charge2/force length2)... 

In the case when there is no preferred orientation, that is = 0, the considered system is isotropic and is characterised by the relative permittivity constant... 

It follows from (10.17) that the refractive index for an isotropic medium is determined by the permittivity constant only... 

In the above expressions, n is the concentration of the 1 1 electrolyte, k = (2e2n/eeokT)y2 is the reciprocal Debye length, e is the protonic charge, e0 is the permittivity constant, e is the dielectric constant, and ty o is the surface potential when the plates are infinitely far apart, which is related to the surface charge density via the expression oe = (4ne/ic) sinh(e o/2 T). 

If one assumes e = 6 for the permittivity constant under these conditions, as usual, and A(p = IV, Qa is about 10% of the charge density which would be obtained if every surface atom carried just one elementary charge. Obviously this is due to a Coulombic repulsion. One way to overcome this limitation is to introduce surface-bound redox centers, where no free charges are established. This has already been developed in Section 1.1. All in all, a high specific surface area As is most important to utilize the potentialities of an ECDLC (cf. Eq. (7)). For graphitic carbon, the maximum value can be easily calculated, assuming spherical C atoms ... 

A high polarity and a high dielectric (or permittivity) constant to assist the dispersion of the charged molecules. 

Dielectric constant (1875) (permittivity constant) n. Between any two electrically charged bodies there is a force (attraction or repulsion) that varies according to the strength of the charges, qi and the distance between the bodies, r, and a characteristic of the medium separating the bodies (the dielectric) known as the dielectric constant, . The force is given by the... 

Here C is the capacity, e is the dielectric contact, q the permittivity constant, A the surface area and L is the distance between the capacitor plates. Because the probe is vibrating the distance L varies periodically L = Lq+AL sin([Pg.542]

Here D is the vector of the dielectric displacement (size 3x1, unit C/m ), S is the strain (size 6x1, dimension 1), E is a vector of the electric field strength (size 3x1, unit V/m) and T is a vector of the mechanical tension (size 6x1, unit N/m ). As the piezoelectric constants depend on the direction in space they are described as tensors e- is the permittivity constant also called dielectric permittivity at constant mechanical tension T (size 3x3, unit F/m) and 5 , is the elastic compliance matrix (size 6x6, unit m /N). The piezoelectric charge coefficient df " (size 6x3, unit C/N) defines the dielectric displacement per mechanical tension at constant electrical field and (size 3x6, unit m/V) defines the strain per eiectric fieid at constant mechanical tension [84], The first equation describes the direct piezo effect (sensor equation) and the second the inverse piezo effect (actuator equation). 

Comparison of High Permittivity Constant Materials for DRAM Cell Capacitors... 

For one percent of cells in the suspension, the permittivity increment becomes only A6p 25. The sensitivity of this method for cell detection depends on the 4 power of the cell diameter. In the case of cells with radius R,. 1 pm, permittivity constant = 8.85 1(F F/cm, membrane thickness 8 = 5 nm, membrane permittivity = 6, membrane conductivity for "live" cell Ombr = 10 S/cm, effective capacitance of cell membrane / 5-... 

The term Co is the vacuum permittivity constant which in SI units is equal to 8.85419 X 10 T m". Substitution of Equation 8-5 into Equation 84 results in the following radial Schroedinger equation for a one-electron system. 

In this well-known equation, k represents a constant that can also be related to the permittivity constant (8q = 8.85418781762 x 10" N" m" ) (Saslow 2002). 

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