Permissioning regimes

Despite the progressiveness, REACH is still a permissive regime it originates from the fundamental belief that risks can be adequately controlled (Clean Production Action, 2003 Dalhammar and Nilsson, 2005). The ECHA as well as national bodies mnst therefore work in a more preventive manner otherwise the substitution incentives might be lax. 

More importantly, the high contrast ratio, which arises from the sharpness of the spectrum, taken with the more permissive regime of TPA selection rules, sharply reduces the probability that there are undetected states in this spectral... 

Such regulatory requirements are known in the UK, for example, as permissioning regimes in the sense that the licence gives the plant permission to operate under the Safety Management System and associated provisions that were proposed in the Safety Case. Although characteristic of the nuclear industry, such approaches are being adopted on a wider base (for example, in the oil and gas industry post Piper Alpha). 

Fig. XI-13. Adsorption isotherms for SNBS (sodium p-3-nonylbenzene sulfonate) (pH 4.1) and DPC (dodecyl pyridinium chloride) (pH 8.0) on mtile at approximately the same surface potential and NaCl concentration of O.OlAf showing the four regimes of surfactant adsorption behavior, from Ref. 175. [Reprinted with permission from Luuk K. Koopal, Ellen M. Lee, and Marcel R. Bohmer, J. Colloid Interface Science, 170, 85-97 (1995). Copyright Academic Press.]...

Figure 2-49. Slurry flow regime (heterogeneous, homogeneous) is a function of solid s size and specific gravity. By permission, Der-annelaere, R. H. and Wasp, E. J., "Fluid Flow, Slurry Systems and Pipelines," Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, J. Mc-Ketta, Ed., M. Dekker, vol. 22,1985 [25].

Figure 2-51. Friction factor correlation for slurry flow in heterogeneous flow regime. By permission, Turian, R. M. and Yuan, T. F., Flow of Slurries in Pipelines, A/.Ch.E. Journal, vol. 23, 1977, p. 232-243.

Fig. 2.6 Typical heat transfer regimes for immersion cooling with a fluorocarbon. Reprinted from Simons (1996) with permission...

Fig. 2.29 Flow regimes in 50 im channel for steam-water flows. Reprinted from Serizawa et al. (2002) with permission...

Fig. 2.32 Diabatic flow pattern map for vaporizing flow in uniformly heated micro-channel, R-134a, d = 0.5 mm, L = 70 mm, Tg = 30 °C, = 50 kW/m without subcooling at inlet. Flow patterns isolated bubble regime (IB), coalescing bubble regime (CB), annular (completely coalesced) regime (A), post-dryout regime (PD). Reprinted from Thome et al. (2006) with permission...

Fig. 2.36 Flow regime map for parallel micro-channels. Region A is the low-heat flux region, and region B the high-heat flux region. Reprinted from Hetsroni et al. (2003b) with permission...

Fig. 5.15 Comparison between the experimental flow patterns obtained by Triplett et al. (1999a) and the experimental flow regime transition lines of Damianides and Westwater (1988) representing their 1 mm diameter cireular test section. Reprinted from Triplett et al. (1999a) with permission...

Fig. 5.35a-h Flow regimes in the pipe of 25 mm at f/os = 36 m/s (a) Uis = 0.016 m/s, disturbance waves with motionless droplets (b) Uis = 0.027 m/s, disturbance waves with moving droplets (c) U s = 0.045 m/s, disturbance waves and liquid film on the upper tube part (d) Uis = 0.17 m/s, disturbance air-water waves and liquid film on the upper tube part (e) Uis = 0.016 m/s, small air-water clusters (f) Ui = 0.027 m/s, air water clusters fe) Uis = 0.045 m/s, huge air-water clusters (h) Uis = 0.17 m/s, huge air-water clusters that block the tube cross-section. Reprinted from Hetsroni et al. (2003b) with permission... 

Fig. 10.15 Efficiency of cooling system (friction regime) (a) coefficient of efficiency vs. heat flux, (b) coefficient of efficiency vs. gravity, (c) coefficient of efficiency vs. capillary length, (d) coefficient of efficiency vs. capillary diameter. Reprinted from Yarin et al. (2002) with permission...

Fig. 11.7 The dependence (PeL) 1 domain of stationary steady regimes of flow, 2 domain of unsteady states. PeL = PeLtr point of transition from the stable to unstable flow regime. Reprinted from Hetsroni et al. (2004) with permission...

Figure 1. Bow development for two cooling histories of the composite panel. At the figure, the bow (m) is plotted versus cooling time (sec) for two cooling regimes. (Reprinted with permission from ref. 7. Copyright 1986 SPI, Inc.)...

Turbulent mass burning rate versus the turbulent root-mean-square velocity by Karpov and Severin [18]. Here, nis the air excess coefficient that is the inverse of the equivalence ratio. (Reprinted from Abdel-Gayed, R., Bradley, D., and Lung, F.K.-K., Combustion regimes and the straining of turbulent premixed flames. Combust. Flame, 76, 213, 1989. With permission. Figure 2, p. 215, copyright Elsevier editions.)... 

Premixed turbulent combustion regime diagram proposed by Chen and Bilger. Two intermediate regimes are delineated between distributed flame front and wrinkled laminar flamelets. (Reprinted from Chen, Y.C. and Bilger, R., Combust. Flame, 131, 400, 2002. With permission. Figure 9, p. 411, copyright Elsevier editions.)... 

FIG. 33. The depletion of silane and the corresponding production of hydrogen for several process conditions, covering both the a- and the ) -regime. The solid line represents the case where all the consumed silane is converted into a-Si H() and 1.95H2. The dashed line represents the case where 30% of the consumed silane is converted into disilane instead of being deposited. (From E. A. G. Hamers, Ph.D. Thesis. Universiteit Utrecht. Utrecht, the Netherlands, 1998. with permission.)... 

Figure 3.3 Horizontal flow regime map curves A, B, (Fr) versus Xn curve C, K versus Y curve D, T versus X . (AD, annular dispersed DB, dispersed bubble SW, stratified wavy I, intermittent SS, stratified smooth.) (From Taitel and Dukler, 1976b. Copyright 1976 by American Institution of Chemical Engineers, New York. Reprinted with permission.)...

Figure 3.4 Vertical upflow regime map (d = 2.5 cm), air-water at 25°C and 0.1 MPa. A, B, C, D, E. (From Taitel et al., 1980. Copyright 1980 by American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York. Reprinted with permission.) A, D. D and D are the boundary between slug and churn flow. (From Mishima and Ishii, 1984. Copyright 1984 by Elsevier Sci. Ltd., Kidlington, UK. Reprinted with permission.)...

Figure 3.5 Flow regimes in vertical downflow (A) bubbly flow (B) slug flow (C) falling film flow (D) bubbly falling film flow (E) chum flow (F) dispersed annular flow. (From Oshimowo and Charles, 1974. Copyright 1974 by Canadian Society of Chemical Engineers, Ottawa, Ont. Reprinted with permission.)...

Figure 3.13 Liquid metal -gas two-phase flow regime map. [From Michiyoshi et al 1986. Copyright 1986 by Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York. Reprinted with permission.)...

Figure 3.14 Flow regimes for horizontal diabatic flow. (From Becker, 1971. Copyright 1971 by Studsvik AB, Nykoping, Sweden. Reprinted with permission.)...

Fig. 59. Incomplete screening of hydrodynamic interactions in semi-dilute polymer solutions. Presentation of different regimes which are passed with increasing concentration. A,C Unscreened and screened Zimm relaxation, respectively, B enhanced Rouse relaxation. (Reprinted with permission from [12]. Copyright 1987 Vieweg and Sohn Verlagsgemeinschaft, Wiesbaden)...

Figure 17 Effect of branching on the secondary nucleation and linear growth rates from the work of Lambert and Phillips [58]. The effect of branching on the Regime l-ll transition can also be seen. Reprinted with permission from Lambert and Phillips [58]. Copyright 1994, American Chemical Society.

Figure 1.9. Illustration of soil taxonomy suborders and great groups that have aridic moisture regimes (shaded) and their moisture counterparts that have ustic and xeric moisture regimes (after Monger, 2002. Reprinted from Encyclopedia of Soil Science, H. Tan, ed., Arid Soils, Monger, p. 86, Copyright (2002), with permission from Marcel Dekker)...

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