Peritonitis definition

In other studies, mast cells have been shown to be abundant in the marrow of osteoporotic patients, and heparin, which is contained within the secretory granules of connective tissue (peritoneal)-type mast cells, has been shown to enhance bone resorption and to inhibit bone-cell replication and collagen synthesis in vitro [130]. Moreover, heparin is known to bind growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor and may therefore be important in limiting their availability [134], Taken together, these various studies suggest a possible involvement of mast cells in the homeostasis of bone, but much more work is needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn. 

One definition of post-operative paralytic ileus is the failure of the patient to pass faeces or flatus within 60 hr. of the termination of a surgical abdominal operation . A somewhat similar condition may arise in cases of gross mechanical obstruction of the gut. It is well known also that operations involving handling of the gut or the peritoneum are especially liable to cause paralytic ileus. Peritonitis and post-operative pain, inadequately treated with morphia, also precipitate paralytic ileus. Pneumonia, meningitis and typhoid predispose to paralytic ileus, whilst severe hypothyroidism can also be complicated by a paralytic ileus. 

Drugs may be given orally or by injection in order to achieve adequate systemic levels in the hope of also achieving therapeutic levels in the peritoneal cavity. Alternatively, drugs may be administered directly into the peritoneal cavity with the objective of also achieving systemic levels by intraperitoneal absorption. To the author s knowledge, there is little definitive information on the relative merits of these alternatives. 

Popovich RP, Moncrief JW, Decherd JF, Hlavinka DJ, Bomar JB. The definition of a novel portable-wearable equilibrium peritoneal technique (abstract). Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1976 p64. 

Peritonitis has several imprecise definitions, but guidehnes suggest that an elevated dialysate white blood cell (WBC) count of less than 100 per microliter with at least 50% polymorphonuclear neutrophils indicates the presence of inflammation, of which peritonitis is the most likely cause. A patient who presents with abdominal pain and a cloudy effluent is usually given a provisional diagnosis... 

For second-line treatment no definite therapy has yet been defined. The combination of secondary cytoreduction plus hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion constitutes a feasible and effective option for this subset of patients. Several phase II trials have been published showing a positive effect of second cytoreductive surgery on survival of patients with recurrent or persistent epithelial ovarian cancer. At this moment the role intraoperative hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion is not clear and has to be determined in a prospective randomized trial. 

Patient safety is an increasingly important topic for all patients and for physicians and surgeons worldwide. A clear definition of patient safety remains elusive, and depends upon the perspective of whoever is defining it at the time (i.e. doctor, patient, government - regulatory body). A variety of factors contribute to patient safety and all play a role in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). 

Phagocytosis of microbes may be related to ascorbic acid status however, further studies are required before definitive statements are justified, Cottingham and Mills (1943) observed that peritoneal PMNL s from scorbutic guinea pigs showed significantly reduced ingestion of type I pneumococcus vivo. 

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