Periodic table inner-transition metals

The transition metals are the elements in the d block of the periodic table. The inner transition metals are those in the f block. 

In the sixth period is a subset of 14 metallic elements (numbers 58 to 71) that are quite unlike any of the other transition metals. A similar subset (numbers 90 to 103) is found in the seventh period. These two subsets are the inner transition metals. Inserting the inner transition metals into the main body of the periodic table, as in Figure 2.30, results in a long and cumbersome table. So that the table can fit nicely on a standard paper size, these elements are commonly placed below the main body of the table, as shown in Figure 2.31. 

Inserting the inner transition metals between atomic groups 3 and 4 results in a periodic table that is not easy to fit on a standard sheet of paper. 

Why are the inner transition metals not listed in the main body of the periodic table ... 

The members of the d block, with the exception of the elements in Group 12 (the zinc group) are called transition metals. As we shall see, these elements are transitional in character between the vigorously reactive metals in the s block and the less reactive metals on the left of the p block. The members of the f block, which is shown below the main table (to save space), are the inner transition metals. The upper row of this block, following lanthanum (element 57) in Period 6, consists of the lanthanides and the lower row, following actinium (element 89) in Period 7, consists of the actinides. 

To decrease the length of the table, the inner transition metals of the traditional periodic table should be cut out of their positions according to increasing atomic number. Include the inner transition metals in the main body of the three-dimensional table. 

One approach to constructing a three-dimensional periodic table is to arrange the elements by increasing atomic number in a spiral, where families remain in a vertical relationship. Inner transition metals will be included in the main body of this three-dimensional periodic table. 

The "long form of the periodic table includes the inner transition metals... 

The position of the transition elements on the periodic table. The d-block elements correspond to filling the 3d, 4d, 3d, or 6d orbitals. The inner transition metals correspond to filling the 4f (lanthanides) or Sf (actinides) orbitals. 

Another change Mendeleev made based on chemical analogy and intuition was placing iodine (T) after tellurium (Te), even though the atomic mass of iodine was less than tellurium. This anomaly, along with the difficulty of where to place the inner transition metals, were problems that would soon be definitively solved. At the time of the periodic table s construction, little was known of atomic structure. With further scientific discoveries such as the existence of protons and the existence of electronic shells, these mysteries were explained and placed into their current places in the periodic table. 

The group B elements, or transition elements, are divided into transition metals and inner transition metals. The two sets of inner transition metals, known as the lanthanide and actinide series, are located along the bottom of the periodic table. The rest of the group B elements make up the transition metals. Elements from the lanthanide series are used extensively as phosphors, substances that emit light when struck by electrons. The How It Works at the end of the chapter explains more about phosphors and how images are formed on a television screen. 

Sketch a simplified periodic table and use labels to identify the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, inner transition metals, noble gases, and halogens. (6.1)... 

Beginning with period 4, the periodic table is expanded to make room for the elements whose d or f orbitals are being filled. These elements are called transition elements. They are subdivided into d-block and f-block elements—the transition metals and inner transition metals, respectively. Note that the groups of transition elements are labeled B to distinguish them from the groups containing representative elements. Recall that a transition metal is any element whose final electron enters a d sublevel. An inner transition metal is any element whose final electron enters an f sublevel. 

As Inorganic Reactions and Methods moves to completion, we have retained the format, style and nomenclature for consistency. Thus the current group numbering (1-18) has not been used, but the older I-VIII with A and B was retained. The periodic table used is provided on the back inside cover to avoid confusion. Volume 14 is the primary section for all transition-metal and inner-transition metal complexes and their reactions. The authors of this volume have shown exemplary patience and cooperation - thank you A special thank you to Mary Atwood for her efforts in bringing this volume to completion. 

The periodic table may be used to write down the electron configuration of any element. The table may be divided up into blocks corresponding to the subshell designation of the most recent orbital to be filled by the building-up rule. Elements in the s- and p-blocks are known as main-group elements. The d-block elements are called transition metals. The f-block elements are called inner transition metals. 

It is often useful to refer to whole blocks of elements on the periodic table. The elements in groups 1, 2, and 13 through 18 (the A groups) are sometimes called the representative elements. They are also called the main-group elements. The elements in groups 3 through 12 (the B groups) are often called the transition metals. The 28 elements at the bottom of the table are called inner transition metals. 

Given a periodic table, classify each element as a representative element (or main-group element), a transition metal, or an inner transition metal. 

Element name Element symbol Group number on periodic table Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid Representative element, transition metal, or inner transition metal Number for period... 

The section of the periodic table that contains the inner transition metals is called the/ block. Thus we can predict that the last electrons added to the orbital diagrams of elements with atomic numbers 57 through 70 would go into the 4/sublevel. Elements 89 through 102 are in the second row of the/block. Because the fourth principal energy level is the first to have an/sublevel, we can predict that the highest energy-electrons for these elements go to the 5/sublevel. 

Periodic Table with the Inner Transition Metals in Their Natural Position... 

Groups 1,2, 17, and 18 are often identified with the group names shown on the table to the right. Groups 3 through 12 are called the transition metals. The lanthanoid series is contained in period 6, and the actinoid series is in period 7. The two series together are called the inner transition metals. The locations of the transition and inner transition metals in the periodic table are discussed further in Skill 1.1b. 

In this chapter we look at /-block metals and their compounds. There are two series of metals the lanthanoids (the 14 elements that follow lanthanum in the periodic table) and the actinoids (the 14 elements following actinium). The lanthanoids and actinoids (Table 24.1) are collectively known as the inner transition metals, while scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and the lanthanoids are together called the rare earth metals. Although La and Ac are strictly group 3 metals, the chemical similarity of La to the elements... 

---