Periodic system of chemical elements

W. H. E. Schwarz, Towards a Physical Explanation of the Periodic Table (PT) of Chemical Elements, in Fundamental World of Quantum Chemistry A Tribute to Per-Olov Lowdin, Vol. 3, E. Brandas, E. Kryachko (eds.), Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 645-669, 2004. Also see S.-G. Wang, W. H. E. Schwarz, Icon of Chemistry The Periodic System of Chemical Elements in the New Century, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2009 (in press). 

Another chapter (Chapter 4) is entitled Intermetallic reactivity trends in the Periodic Table . The Periodic Table, indeed (or Periodic Law or Periodic System of Chemical Elements), is acknowledged to play an indispensable role in several different sciences. Especially in inorganic chemistry it represents a fundamental classifi-catory scheme and a means of systematizing data with a clear predictive power. Inorganic chemists have traditionally made considerable use of the Periodic Table to understand the chemistry of the different elements. With a few exceptions (as detailed in the same chapter), metallurgists and intermetallic chemists have made little use of this Table to understand and describe the properties of metals and alloys we believe, however, that it may be a useful tool also in the systematics of descriptive intermetallic chemistry (as exemplified in the subsequent chapter (Chapter 5)). In several paragraphs of Chapter 4, therefore, different aspects of the Periodic Table and of its characteristic trends are summarized. 

Periodic classifications oTthe dements by Dmitri Mendeleev and by LotharMcycrappciired m 1869 For a centennial-cdebraiing discission of the periodic table, see van Spronsen. J. W. The Periodic System of Chemical Elements Elsevier Amsterdam. 1969. 

J.W. van Spronsen, The Periodic System of Chemical Elements A History of the First Hundred Years (Amsterdam, 1969), 317-20. 

Mazurs, E. G., Types of Graphic Representation of the Periodic System of Chemical Elements, E. G. Mazurs, La Grange, 111., 1957. 

Werner, Alfred. 1905. "Beitrag zum Aufbau des periodschen Systems." Berichte Berlin deutsche chemie Gesellschaft 38 914-921 and 2022-2027 (Table p. 916). van Spronsen, Johannes W. 1969. The Periodic System of Chemical Elements A History of the First Hundred Years. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

The detection of the periodic system of chemical elements was a break through in the theoretical understanding of chemistry. Hefferlin discusses periodicities of chemical elements and small molecules. He shows how general the concept of posets is. Why not explore the properties of small molecules by means of a Hasse diagram Hefferlin shows by the example of Phosphorus oxides how this may be done. 

Schwarz, W. H. E. (2007). Recommended questions on the road towards a scientific explanation of the periodic system of chemical elements with the help of the concepts of quantum physics. Found. Ghent. 9, 139-188. 

Bensaude-Vincent B (1986) Mendeleev s periodic system of chemical elements. Br J Hist Sci 19 3-17... 

Cassebaum, H., and G. B. Kauffman. 1971. The periodic system of chemical elements the search... 

Kibler, M. 1989, The Periodic System of Chemical Elements Old and New Developments , Journal of Molecular Structure (Theochem) 187, 83-93. 

Russian chemist Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) is most widely-known for his 1869 formulation of the periodic system of chemical elements. In addition to this achievement, he also explored a variety of topics in physics and chemistry over the course of a very active scientific and political career. Distinctive about Mendeleev s work was his close (although not systematic) attention to various philosophical topics relating to his chemical work. This entry briefly discusses Mendeleev s life, scientific research, and some of his views on the philosophy of chemistry. 

In the context of writing his Principles of Chemistry textbook, Mendeleev formulated his first version of the periodic system of chemical elements in the first two months of 1869. He would spend the next two years elaborating upon this system, expanding the scope and utility of the system in a variety of ways classification of peroxides, the properties of rare earth metals, and, especially, the detailed prediction of properties of three yet-undiscovered chemical elements, which he named eka-aluminum, eka-boron, and eka-silicon. After the publication of these predictions in his most detailed article on the chemistry of the periodic system in 1871 [Mendelejew, 1871], Mendeleev attempted briefly to experimentally discover these elements himself, but quickly abandoned the project by the end of that calendar year. 

Bensaude-Vincent, 1986] B. Bensaude-Vincent. Mendeleev s Periodic System of Chemical Elements. British Journal for the History of Science 19 3-17, 1986. 

Schwarz, 2007] W. H. E. Schwarz. Recommended Questions on the Road towards a Scientific Explanation of the Periodic System of Chemical Elements with the Help of the Concepts of Quantum Physics, Foundations of Chemistry, 9, 139-188, 2007. 

Wang and Schwarz, 2009] S.-G. Wang and W. H. E. Schwarz. Icon of Chemistry The Periodic System of Chemical Elements in the New Century, Angewandte Chemie International Eldition,... 

See Johannes W. Van Spronsen, The Periodic System of Chemical Elements, A History of the First Hundred Years (Amsterdam, London, New York Elsevier, 1969), 125 and 133. Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Mendeleev s periodic system of chemical elements, British Journal for the History of Science 19 (1986) 3-17. Nathan M. Brooks, Dimitrii L. Mendeleev s Principles of Chemistry and the Periodic Law of the Elements, in Communicating Chemistry Textbooks and Their Audiences, ed. Anders Lundgren and Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent (Canton Science History Publications, 2000), 295-311, and Michael D. Gordin, A Well-Ordered Thing Dmitrii Mendeleev and the Shadow of the Periodic Table (New York Basic Books, 2004). 

Although a great number of historians have studied Mendeleev s discovery of the periodic system of chemical elements, few have looked at how the scientific community has perceived and employed this system in various areas of the world. This book fills this gap. In addition, for the evaluation of the periodic system, this book looks not only at scientific communities, but also at the educational sector and local popular culture. 

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