Separation time perfusive stationary phases

Comprehensive multidimensional liquid chromatography is a relatively new development and has yet to develop a diverse application base. For the time being applications are dominated by the separation of proteins and synthetic polymers. For proteins the first dimension separations are usually based on ion exchange and the second dimension separations on reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Gradient elution was often used for both separation modes with a separation time less than 2 minutes for the second dimension separation and from 30 minutes to several hours for the first dimension separation. Current trends include the use of non-porous particles and perfusive stationary phases for the second dimension separation to reduce the total separation time and wider internal diameter columns in place of packed capillary columns to simplify interface construction and instrument operation and to allow the loading of larger sample sizes. 

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