Percutaneous peripheral intervention

Eres A, Use of bivalirudin as the foundation anticoagulant during percutaneous peripheral interventions, J Invas Cardiol 2006 18 125-128. 

Abbreviations. CAD. coronary artery diseases CVA, cerebrovascular accident HOPE, heart outcomes prevention evaluation LTA. light transmittance aggregometry MI. myocardial infarction PCI. percutaneous coronary intervention PVD. peripheral vascular diseases RPFA, rapid platelet function analyzer TxB2, thromboxane B2. 

Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Mintz GS, et al, Impact of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease on I -year mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, J Endovasc Then 2004 I l(l) 60-70. 

Singh M, Lennon Ryan J, Darbar D. Effect of peripheral arterial disease in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with intracoronary stents. Mayo Clin Proc 2004 79(9) I I 13-1 I 18. 

Abciximab is used for prevention of cardiac ischemic events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and to prevent myocardial infarction in patients with unstable angina who do not respond to conventional treatment. It has also been used for thrombolysis in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease and arterial thrombosis (2). 

Rha SW, Kuchulakanti PK, Pakala R, Cheneau E, Pinnow E, Gebreeyesus A, Aggrey G, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Kent KM, Lindsay J, Waksman R. Addition of heparin to contrast media is associated with increased bleeding and peripheral vascular complications during percutaneous coronary intervention with bivalirudin and drug-eluting stents. Cardiovasc Radiat Med 2004 5(2) 64-70. 

Ravandi A, Harkewicz R, Leibundgut G. Identification of oxidized phospholipids and cholesteryl esters in embolic protection devices post percutaneous coronary, carotid and peripheral interventions in humans (abstr). Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Scientific Sessions. April 28-30, 2011 Chicago, IL. 

Naidu SS, Vlachos HA, Faxon D, et al. Vascular disease independently predicts worse outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention Results from the NHLBI Dynamic Registry. JAm Coll Cardiol 2003 41 6 3A abstract 1005A-211. Aronow WS, Ahn C. Prevalence of coexistence of coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and atherothrombotic brain infarction in men and women 62 > years of age. Am J Cardiol 1994 74 64-65. 

Chin JH, Bhatt DL, Molitemo DJ, Ellis SG. Peripheral arterial disease independently predicts higher mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2003 108 1674. 

Rocha-Singh KJ, Rutherford J. Glycoprotein llb-llla receptor inhibition with eptifibatide in percutaneous intervention for symptomatic peripheral vascular disease the circulate pilot trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005 66(4) 470-473. 

Interventional cardiology no longer refers to just percutaneous coronary procedures. Peripheral vascular procedures are now a well-established part of the armamentarium. Perhaps the most exciting innovation in the interventional domain is percutaneous valvular repair for treatment of aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation. This area has the potential to be transformative. Finally, in the field of electrophysiology, percutaneous ablation to isolate the pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation achieves success in the majority of patients. Whether this procedure will replace antiar-rhythmic therapy as a first-line approach remains to be seen, but for time being this approach at the very least can offer dramatic symptomatic relief for debilitated patients. 

Ravandi A, Leibundgut G, Hung M-Y et al. Release and capture of bioactive oxidized phospholipids and oxidized cholesteryl esters during percutaneous coronary and peripheral arterial interventions in humans. Journal of the American College of Cardioloev 2014 63 1961-1971. 

The number of percutaneous femoral arterial catheterizations has increased exponentially in recent years with several million procedures performed worldwide annually. A direct consequence of that explosion in number of percutaneous diagnostic and interventional catheterizations is the increasing number of vascular complications due to the percutaneous creation of that vascular access mainly using the femoral artery. Potential complications are pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, uncontrollable groin and/or retroperitoneal bleeding, in situ arterial thrombosis, and peripheral embolization. In order to deal with these complications, there is an increasing need for quick and optimal diagnosis and for efficient and, by preference, minimally invasive treatment. 

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