Percentage conversion

What percentage conversion is attained with a two-stage CSTR, each vessel being 50 ft ... 

The cyclohexene collecting in the ice trap ordinarily is returned to the boding flask in determining the percentage conversion this was combined with any material left in the boiler and the pure starting material present recovered by fractionation. 

The Preparation of 2,2 -Biqltnolines with Nickel and Palladium Catalysts Percentage Conversions" and Yields ... 

Calculated on the basis of recovered quinoline to avoid confusion with yields percentage conversions are given in parentheses. 

Sufficient data are not yet available to allow evaluation of the relative merits of palladium-on-carbon and degassed Raney nickel catalysts. Comparable yields of 2,2 -biquinolines have been obtained by both methods under suitable conditions but the percentage conversions with degassed Raney nickel have been found to be much lower, reflecting the extent of side reactions with this catalyst. However, work in this laboratory has shown that the reaction of quinoline with palladium-on-carbon is not free from complications for example, at least three products in addition to 2,2 -biquinoline have been detected by paper chromatography. 

Rhodium-on-carbon has also been found to bring about the formation of 2,2 -biquinoline from quinoline, the yield and the percentage conversion being similar to that obtained with palladium-on-carbon. On the other hand, rhodium-on-carbon failed to produce 2,2 -bipyridine from pyridine, and it has not yet been tried with other bases. Experiments with carbon-supported catalysts prepared from ruthenium, osmium, iridium, and platinum have shown that none of these metals is capable of bringing about the formation of 2,2 -biquinoline from quinoline under the conditions used with palladium and rhodium. ... 

Quinoxaline also underwent many other homolytic alkylations or arylations usually to give, for example, mixtures of 2-alkyl-, 6-alkyl-, and sometimes 2,3- or 2,6-dialkyl derivatives, according to the agent and conditions used. Percentage conversions, ratios of products, separability, and yields appear to... 

The split-fractions for the reactants can be calculated directly from the percentage conversion. The conversion may be dependent on the relative flows of the reactants (feed composition) and, if so, iteration may be necessary to determine values that satisfy the feed condition. 

Table 9.4 Turbidity, conductance, temperature and percentage conversion of 0.05 M Hg2(Cl2) solution at different durations of sonication...

Figures 5 and 6 show that there is a good correlation between the percentage conversion and the H/C atomic ratio of the coals for both experimental procedures.

Figure 3. Percentage conversion against volatile matter yield (hot rod mode)...

Figure 6. Percentage conversion against H/C atomic ratio (rotating autoclave...

Figure 8. Percentage conversion vs. rank (17) hot rod results (X)> anthracene...

Figure 9. Percentage conversion against vitrinite + exinite (%) and total reactive macerals (X) (hot rod mode) ( 1)...

Experimental results are shown in Table 1.2, which quotes the observed percentage conversion of each of the model C14 substrates to their di-hydro derivatives by each of the model CIO solvents. Consider first the column for the anthracene substrate, showing its conversion to 9,10 dihydroanthracene after 2 hr at 300 C in various solvents. The conversion by Q) (58%), is an order of magnitude greater than that by (5%), in striking... 

Table VI. Percentage conversion versus stall time in the Photo-DSC of HEMA-based monomer mixes. Formulation HEMA/EGDMA/Glycerine at 85/0.34/15...

A catalyst of iron increases the rate of reaction, but has no effect on the percentage conversion to ammonia (the yield). The use of a catalyst allows the process to take place at a lower temperature than would otherwise be employed, so reducing the costs of the heat energy. 

FIGURE 6.45 Profiles of percentage conversion obtained from matrix experiments described in text. 

Another important kinetic parameter usually determined is the value of IC50, defined as the half maximal inhibitory concentration that provides an indication of the potency of an inhibitor under certain the specific conditions of an evaluation. This parameter is typically determined from dose-response plots in which the percentage conversation or inhibition is plotted against the logarithmic concentration of inhibitor employed in each evaluation. The parallel nature of the /.tPLC system described in this chapter is ideal for the evaluation of this parameter. 

Table 9.5 Percentage conversion from allylamine (1.8 mmol) to propylamine obtained with cyclodextrin (CD)-modified Pt and Pd nanoparticles under 1.0 atm H2(g) at room tempera ture in D20 solution (2.0 ml ). (Reprinted with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry [69])...

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