Hydrogen percentage conversion

Product yields in irradiated hydrogen halides are subject to the elfects of back reactions, particularly those involving the halogen molecules. These effects are most serious in the case of HC1, where a 20 % reduction in yield is observed at chlorine concentrations as low as 0.30 mole %86,88. In the more recent studies of the X- and y-radiolysis of HC1 and HBr percentage conversions were kept below 1 x 10 2 mole%. Under these conditions product yields were dose independent, showing that back reactions were negligible. 

Catalysts were evaluated for continuous flow activity at 200°C in a tubular reactor of 19 mm internal diameter and 1000 mm height. Prior to reaction, the catalyst was reduced in hydrogen at 250°C for 3 hours. H2/C6H6 mole ratio was maintained at 5.6 and LHSV(benzene) at 1.0 during the reaction. From the inlet and outlet concentrations of benzene, catalyst activity was estimated as percentage conversion of benzene to cyclohexane. 

Figure 2 Transfer hydrogenation of a mixture of seven different ketones (S1-S7) in the presence of catalyst P-3 (dark bars) or P-4 (light bars). The conversion percent shows the product distribution after 20 min of reaction time. The numbers in parentheses correspond to the ratio of percentage conversion in the presence of P-3 to P-4.

The Thomsen-Berthelot principle was criticised by Rathke and by Potilit-zin. Potilitzin found that on heating a metallic chloride MCl, with bromine in a sealed tube a reaction occurs with absorption of heat, and with an equivalent n of bromine the percentage conversion to bromide is. mln y where m is the atomic weight of the metal. He also examined the action of dry hydrogen chloride on bromides. 

Steam reforming of natural gas (90% methane and the remainder CO ) is being considered for the production of hydrogen. The conversion of methane can produce either CO or CO, depending on the amount of steam included in the process. In one particular case, a steam to carbon ratio of 5 is used, resulting in a selectivity to CO (relative to CO) of 3. What is the percentage of hydrogen in the product gas at complete methane conversion ... 

Reaction time determined by hydrogen nptake measnrements TAV = total amine value made by the titration of amines to give nitrile conversion ° 2/3 A = the percentage of 2° and 3° amines This catalyst was modified with 1.33 mmol H2CO at rt for 1 h... 

In the production of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen the conversion, based on either raw material, is limited to 15 per cent. The ammonia produced is condensed from the reactor (converter) product stream and the unreacted material recycled. If the feed contains 0.2 per cent argon (from the nitrogen separation process), calculate the purge rate required to hold the argon in the recycle stream below 5.0 per cent. Percentages are by volume. 

A small amount of adipic acid, 2%, is made by hydrogenation of phenol with a palladium or nickel catalyst (150°C, 50 psi) to the mixed oil, then nitric acid oxidation to adipic acid. If palladium is used, more cyclohexanone is formed. Although the phenol route for making adipic acid is not economically advantageous because phenol is more expensive than benzene, the phenol conversion to greater cyclohexanone percentages can be used successfully for caprolactam manufacture (see next section), where cyclohexanone is necessary. 

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