Percentage Compositions of Various Solutions

DENSITY AND PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF AQUEOUS ETHYL ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS 

Per cent alcohol by volume Density at 2074° C Per cent alcohol weight Grams of alcohol per 100 ml Per cent alcohol volume Density at 2074° C Per cent alcohol by weight Grams of alcohol per 100 ml 

Per cent CHzOH by weight Density 15 /4 C Per cent CHsOH by volume Per cent CH2OH by weight Density 1574° c Per cent CHsOH by volume Per cent CHgOH by weight Density 1574 c Per cent CHsOH by volume 

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Densities and percentage compositions of various solutions, 1151-1161 Density, determination of a liquid, 1029 Derivatives, preparation of, 1027, 1081 requirements of a satisfactory, 1081 Dephlegmator, 92 Desiccators, 137... 

Composition of various TEA and TPA silicate solutions C[SI]—2) as a function of the OH/Si ratio. Absoluts molar percentages are given for the polymeric species and relative ones for the rest. -A- Mono/dimer ... 

Two compment systems. Let us now consider systems of two component substances which can react with one another. The reaction may consist of the formation of solutions, or of one or more chemical compounds. By solutions we mean phases which contain both components, and which remain homogeneous when their percentage composition is varied continuously within certain limits. As each component of the system and each compound of the components can exist in at least three modifications, it would at first sight appear possible for a great number of such phases to exist in equilibrium with one another. We shall see, however, that the number of phases which can exist in contact with one another is limited in various ways. 

This is a ternary temperature-composition diagram—a triangular prism. It is easy to read. Each corner represents 100% of one component, and the side opposite 0%. Lines parallel to the base represent the various percentages of that component. The 25, 50, and 75% lines are shown for heptane. Point Y has the composition of about 80% benzene, 15% heptane, and 5% DEG. A feel for ternary diagrams can be obtained by realizing that the closer the composition is to a particular corner, the more of that component there is in the solution or mixture. Thus, Y is near the benzene comer and far away from the heptane and DEG comers. 

Notice that the structures presented in this paragraph are unary structures, that is one species only is present in all its atomic positions. In the prototypes listed (and in the chemically unary isostructural substances) this species is represented by a pure element. In a number of cases, however, more than one atomic species may be equally distributed in the various atomic positions. If each atomic site has the same probability of being occupied in a certain percentage by atoms X and Y and all the sites are compositionally equivalent, the unary prototype is still a valid structural reference. In this case, from a chemical point of view, the structure will correspond to a two-component phase. Notice that there can be many binary (or more complex) solid solution phases having for instance the Cu-type or the W-type structures. Such phases are formed in several metallic alloy systems either as terminal or intermediate phases. 

In order to select a carrier solution composition which would provide an overall maximum response for MS detection, two modifiers were selected, acetonitrile and methanol, and two buffers, i.e. ammonium acetate (10 mmol pH 7.5) and ammonium formate (10 mmol L pH 7.5). Biotin and fluorescein-biotin were dissolved in various binding buffer-organic solvent mixtures ranging from 90 10 (v/v) to 50 50 (v/v) at two concentration levels (0.01 ng 1 ng pL ) and 20 pL were injected and analyzed by MS in full-scan and SIM mode. The maximum response was found with 50% methanol, which was about a factor 2x higher than for 10% methanol. Since the proteins can denaturate or protein-ligand complexes can dissociate at relatively low percentages of organic modifier in further experiments only 10% methanol is used in the carrier solution. 

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