Peptidomimetic small molecule

Abstract Piperazines and its congeners, (di)keto piperazines are valuable tools in drug discovery, providing a natural path for the process peptide > peptidomimetic > small molecule also called depeptisation. Moreover, they can provide molecular probes to understand molecular pathways for diseases of unmet medical need. However, in order to better understand the design of such value added compounds, the detailed understanding of scope and limitation of their synthesis as well as their 3D structures and associated physicochemical properties is indispensables. Isocyanide multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry provides a prime tool for entering the chemical space of (di)(keto)piperazines since not less then 20 different ways exist to access a diversity of related scaffolds. 

Below is a brief description of various applications of chemical microarrays, with a focns on peptide/peptidomimetics, small molecule, and carbohydrate... 

More than 285,000 therapeutic agents and bioactive compounds including macromolecules, peptidomimetics, small-molecule organic compounds as well as many rare substances (e.g., unique metal-coordinated or metal-containing complexes)... 

Fragment screening by NMR was applied recently in the search of non-peptidic small molecule inhibitors. Two scaffolds (13) and (14), which bind the enzyme at the S1-S3 and the S2 binding site respectively, as shown by chemical shift perturbation, were linked together to yield competitive inhibitors such as (15) with micromolar IC50 values [158]. There have been no reports of non-peptidic inhibitors with potency and pharmacokinetics similar to the peptidic or peptidomimetic inhibitors described above. 

High throughput methods have increased our capacity for appropriate candidate compounds selection and also for developing libraries of novel compounds from which such candidates can be selected. Chapter 7 discusses the use of solid-phase synthesis for the high throughput production of peptides and other small molecules. In addition, as discussed in Chapter 6 on peptidomimetics, the swift production of novel leads holds considerable promise for future discovery of novel therapeutic agents. 

Small-molecule inhibitors of caspases would have obvious use as therapeutics. The current medicinal chemistry research literature is rich in studies attempting to achieve this important design goal. In early work, both reversible and irreversible peptide-based inhibitors of various caspases have been developed. Peptidomimetic ketones were also devised for example, acyloxymethyl ketones were designed and developed as potent, time-dependent irreversible caspase inhibitors. 

Design, Synthesis, Screening, and Decoding of Encoded One-Bead One-Compound Peptidomimetic and Small Molecule Combinatorial Libraries... 

General Synthetic Procedures for Encoded Peptidomimetic and Small Molecule Libraries... 

Mixture-Based Combinatorial Libraries From Peptides and Peptidomimetics to Small Molecule Acyclic and Heterocyclic Compounds... 

The first installment in this series (Volume 267, 1996) mostly covered peptide and peptidomimetic based research with just a few examples of small molecule libraries. In this volume we have compiled cutting-edge research in combinatorial chemistry, including divergent areas such as novel analytical techniques, microwave-assisted synthesis, novel linkers, and synthetic approaches in both solid-phase and polymer-assisted synthesis of peptides, small molecules, and heterocyclic systems, as well as the application of these technologies to optimize molecular properties of scientific and commercial interest. 

---