Peptides human growth hormone

Tissue plasminogen activators Human growth hormone Neuroactive peptides Regulatory peptides Lymphokines Human serum albumin Gamma globulin Antihemophilic factors Monoclonal antibodies... 

Nielsen, R. G., Riggin, R. M., and Rickard, E. C., Capillary zone electrophoresis of peptide fragments from trypsin digestion of biosynthetic human growth hormone, /. Chromatogr., 480, 393, 1990. 

HC Beyerman, EWB De Leer, J Floor. On the repetitive excess mixed anhydride method for the synthesis of peptides. Synthesis of the sequence 1-10 of human growth hormone. Rec Trav Chim Pays-Bas 92, 481, 1973. 

The classical theory of electrophoretic migration has also been successfully applied to the description of the behaviour of human growth hormone peptides. According to the classical theory, the mobility (ju) of a peptide can be described by... 

M. Cholewinski, B. Ltickel, H. Horn, Degradation Pathways, Analytical Characterization and Formulation Strategies of a Peptide and a Protein. Calcitonin and Human Growth Hormone in Comparison , Pharm. Acta Helv. 1996, 71, 405-419. 

Lastly, it has been shown that in rare cases trisulfide bridges (Cys-SSS-Cys) can be found as hydrophobic variants of recombinant proteins. The experimental mass of such a trisulfide-bridged peptide would be increased by 32 amu. Andersson et al.125 have described this phenomenon for recombinant human growth hormone during expression in E. coli. However, the receptor binding properties were not affected by this trisulfide modification. 

Andersson C., Edlund P.O., Gellerfors P, Hansson Y., Holmberg E., Hult C., Johansson S., Kordel J., Lundin R., Mendel-Hartvig I., Noren B., Wehler T., Wid-malm G., and Ohman J. (1996), Isolation and characterization of a trisulfide variant of recombinant human growth hormone formed during expression in Escherichia coli, Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 47(4), 311-321. 

Peptide mapping (the separation of the tryptic digest) of /i-lactoglobulin and human growth hormone (hGH). 

DKPs are simple and easy to obtain and are quite common by-products of synthetic, spontaneous, and biological formation pathways. DKP formation has been well documented as side reactions of solid-phase and solution-phase peptide synthesis. In addition, DKPs have been shown to be decomposition products of various peptides, proteins, and other commercial pharmaceuticals. Cyclic dipeptides were found to be present in solutions of human growth hormone, bradykinin, histerlin, and solutions of agents within the classes of penicillins and cephalosporins. " DKPs are also enzymatically synthesized in several protists and in members of the plant kingdom. Hydrolysates of proteins and polypeptides often contain these compounds and they are commonly isolated from yeasts, lichens, and fungi. ... 

Table 1.10. Some pharmaceutical substances originally isolated from animal sources. While some are still produced by direct extraction from the native source, others are now also produced by direct chemical synthesis (e.g. peptides and some steroids), or by recombinant DNA technology (most of the pol5 peptide products). Abbreviations hGH = human growth hormone FSH=follicle stimulating hormone hCG=human chorionic gonadotrophin HSA=human serum albumin HBsAg=hepatitis B surface antigen...

To avoid the formation of dimers, high-dilution conditions have been used for the synthesis of intrachain trisulfides derivatives of vasopressin1 11 and a peptide related to the C-terminal region of human growth hormone.1131 Typically, a 0.07 mM solution of a peptide containing two thiol groups is reacted with one equivalent of A(A -thiobisphthalimide under the conditions described in the experimental procedure of Section 6.2.1.2.1.1 workup, purification procedures, and yield are identical. 

M. Deber, M. K. Lutek, E. P. Heimer and A. M. Felix, Conformational origin of a difficult coupling in a human growth hormone releasing factor analog, Peptide Res., 1989,2, 184-188. 

Peptide mapping - [BIOSEPARATTONS] (Supplement) - [ELECTROSEPARATIONS-ELECTROPHORESIS] (Vol9) -ofhGH [HORMONES - HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE] (Vol 13)... 

Battersby IE, Hancock WS, Canova-Davis E, Oeswein J, O Connor B. Diketopiperazine formation and N-terminal degradation in recombinant human growth hormone. Int J Peptide Protein Res 1994 44(3) 215-222. 

Liquid chromatography thermospray—mass spectrometry has been utilized to determine the identity and purity of taxol, solvent-induced degradation of cloxacillin [129], benzodiazepines, and ethanolamine-type antihistamines [130]. Electrospray LC-MS has been used for peptide mapping of the human growth hormone [131]. 

E. Conova-Davis, I. P. Baldonado, J. A. Moore, C. G. Rudman, W. F. Bennett, and W. S. Hancock, Properties of a cleaved two-chain form of recombinant human growth hormone, Int. J. Peptide Protein Res., 35 17-24 (1990). 

The growth hormone (STH) or the human growth hormone 87) (HGH), a linear peptide hormone made up of 191 amino acids with 2 intrachain disulfide bridges, is formed under the control of somatostatin and influences the maturation process during the growth period (e.g. the increase in protein substance and in height). 

---