Peptide chemical structure

R. E. Chance and co-workers, in D. H. Rich and E. Gross, eds.. Peptides Synthesis —Structure-function. Pierce Chemical Co. Press, Rockford, lU.,... 

Chemical Name A complex peptide see structural formula Common Name —... 

Alkylating agent, a reactive chemical that forms a covalent bond with chemical moieties on the biological target (usually a protein). For instance, p-haloalkylamines generate an aziridinium ion in aqueous base that inserts into -SH, -CHOH, or other chemical structures in peptides. Once inserted, the effects of the alkylating agent are irreversible. 

Synthetic molecule or peptide that is able to activate an orphan receptor but differs in chemical structure from the natural endogenous ligand... 

Figure 1.1 The chemical structures of the main neurotransmitters. The relatively simple structure of acetylcholine, the monoamines and the amino acids contrasts with that of the peptides, the simplest of which are the enkephalins which consists of five amino acids substance P has eleven...

Figure 3.3. Nomenclature of peptide ions chemical structure of b, c, z, and y product io...

Detergents commonly used to form micelles that are amenable to high-resolution NMR are summarized in Tab. 5.2, and the chemical structures of the most commonly used detergents are presented in Fig. 5.2. Unfortunately, only a few of those needed for use with nonisotopically enriched peptides are commercially available in deuterated form. Most frequently, the zwitterionic DPC or the negatively charged SDS have been used as membrane mimetics. Mixtures of DPC doped with small amounts of SDS may be used to modulate the charge distribution on the micelle surface. It should be emphasized here... 

Tab. 19.2 Chemical structures of needle molecules as found in the project on peptide deformylase. The Kd values were determined by NMR titrations [17]...

In terms of their chemical structures, signalling molecules fall into five main categories (i) peptides, (ii) steroids, (iii) amino acids and their derivatives, (iv) fatty acid derivatives, and (v) nucleotides. 

Figure 8 Summary of chain release strategies utilized by NRPS assemblies. The terminal domains involved in the chemistry are illustrated. The domain abbreviations are defined in the text, in general, for chemical structures, R and R represent peptide components and R" represents various amino acid side chains.

The structures of the complexes of argifin and argadin with ChiB allowed a comparison with the GlcNAcs complex and description of the nature of mimicry in this system [166]. Figure 13 shows the chemical structures of these cyclic peptides, which were isolated from fungal cultures [168,169]. 

Fig.l Chemical structure of the gramicidin S analogue GS-3/3 with 4F-Phg (Fluorine atom is marked red) substituted for Leu3/Leu3 and N-labeled Vall/Vall (Nitrogen atom is marked blue). The peptide is displayed from one hydrophilic surface (A) and from one side (B) to define the molecular axis system used in the structure analysis... 

Chemical Structures and Biological Activities of Non-Peptide Selective Kappa Opioid Ligands... 

The chemical structures and biological activities of hundreds of opioid analgesics derived from the prototype opioid drug morphine are most comprehensively described in two books published in 1986, one entitled Opioid Analgesics, Chemistry and Receptors by Casy and Parfitt [1] and the other entitled Opiates by Lenz et al. [2]. Follow-up articles include those by Casy in 1989, entitled Opioid Receptors and their Ligands Recent Developments [3] which also includes sections on opioid peptides, affinity labelling and opioid receptor subtypes Rees and Hunter in 1990 [4] covering the... 

Fig. 3. Chemical structures of top) the peptide sandwiched mesoheme (PSM) and bottom) its monopeptide analog. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 108). Copyright 1995 American Chemical Society.

Scheme 3. Synthesis of indotricarbocyanine-octreotate (8) [64] with the peptide iinked at the 5-position of the benzoiic system and chemical structure of the octreotate conjugate Cypate 9 [62,66] with amide bond formation to the peptide through the propionic acid residue...

Analogues in which one or more of the naturally occurring peptide bonds in a substrate, effector, or ligand has been replaced by some other chemical structure. Such compounds are useful in characterizing binding specificity (particularly conformational specificity), and... 

R. B. Merrifield, Methods. Enzymol. 289 3 (1997) K. B. Merrifield, in Peptides Synthesis, Structure, and Applications, B. Gutte, ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, p. 93 Atherton and R. C. Sheppard, Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, IRL Press, Oxford, U.K., 1989 P. Lloyd-Williams, F. Albericio, and E. Giralt, Chemical Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1997. 

Fig. 5. Chemical structures of the haptens covered in this chapter (A) peptides, (B) steroids, and (C) the other compounds.

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