Pentyl oxide

Only the most electropositive metals, the alkali metals and alkaline-earths, form hydrosulphides. LiSH is particularly unstable, being very sensitive to hydrolysis and oxidation, and decomposes at temperatures above about 50°C. It may be prepared in a pure state by the action of HjS on lithium n-pentyl oxide in ether solution. Its structure is of the zinc-blende type and similar to that of UNH2, but there is considerable distortion of the tetrahedral coordination groups ... 

Reagents i, Br, CHCI3 ii, NaHCOj, DMF, 130- 135 C iii, ClCO Et, EtjN iv, W-CIC6H4-CO3H V, L1A1H4 vi, BBFj, CHjClj vii, KjCOj, aq. MeOH viii, sodium t-pentyl oxide... 

Oximes of sterically hindered ketones can be obtained, in very slow reactions but often in quantitative yield, by treatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of an excess of potassium tert-pentyl oxide at room temperature.950... 

Trimethylacetophenone oxime 950 Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (5.5 g) and 2,4,6-trimethylacetophenone (10 g) are added to a solution (125 ml) of potassium tert-pentyl oxide (prepared from 98 g of potassium in 1250 ml of anhydrous tert-pentyl alcohol), and the mixture is kept for 32 days in a closed vessel. The pentyl alcohol is then removed in a rotary evaporator and the residue is shaken with a solution of ammonium chloride (5.3 g) in water (100 ml). If the oxime is precipitated as an oil, more water must be added. The yield is 10.8 g, 98 %, of a product melting at 98-101° after sublimation the m.p. is 101.5-102.5°. 

VIII. Isomeric butoxides and pentyl oxides of niobium. J. Chem. Soc. 1956 4439 Bradley D.C., Chakravarti B.N., Chatteqee A.K., Wardlaw W., Whitley A. Niobium and tantalum... 

Methylpyridazine can be oxidized with selenium dioxide to give 3-formylpyridazine, and methyl groups attached to any position in pyridazine N-oxides are transformed with pentyl nitrite in the presence of sodium amide in liquid ammonia into the corresponding... 

Methyl isothiazole-4-acetate is nitrosated by pentyl nitrite, and the oximino ester formed can be hydrolyzed to the a-keto ester (78GEP2745246). Secondary alcohols (94) can be oxidized to the ketones (72GEP2223648). 

See Other CATALYTIC IMPURITY INCIDENTS, A-OXIDES 11998. Pentyl nitrite... 

New applications of nitrile oxide 1,3-DC have been reported. Soluble, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) 32 functionalized with pentyl esters at the tips and pyridyl isoxazoline rings along the walls were prepared using pentyl ester-SWNT as dipolarophile. The complex... 

Amongst other N-nucleophilic species, hydroxylamine exhibits some abnormal behavior besides oxime formation (p. 25). Thus it reacts with diphenyl cyclopropenone42 probably by 1,4-addition and subsequent oxidation and/or decarboxylation giving rise to 3,4-diphenyl isoxazolone (328) and desoxybenzoin oxime. With pentyl cyclopropenone48 hydroxylamine undergoes addition followed by normal oxima-tfon after ring fission yielding 2,3-dioximino octane (329). 

Several approaches to the 1,2,3-triazole core have been published in 2000. Iodobenzene diacetate-mediated oxidation of hydrazones 152 led to fused 1,2,3-triazoloheterocycles 153 <00SC417>. Treatment of oxazolone 154 with iso-pentyl nitrite in the presence of acetic acid gave 1,2,3-triazole 155, a precursor to 3-(W-l,2,3-triazolyl)-substituted a,P-unsaturated a amino acid derivatives <00SC2863>. Aroyl-substituted ketene aminals 156 reacted with aryl azides to provide polysubstituted 1,23-triazoles 157 <00HC387>. 2-Aryl-2T/,4/f-imidazo[43-d][l,2,3]triazoles 159 were prepared from the reaction of triethyl AM-ethyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-l//-imidazol-5-yl phosphoramidate (158) with aryl isocyanates <00TL9889>. 

Several 4-(3-alkyl-2-isoxazolin-5-yl)phenol derivatives that possess liquid crystal properties have also been obtained (533-535). In particular, target compounds such as 463 (R = pentyl, nonyl) have been prepared by the reaction of 4-acetoxystyrene with the nitrile oxide derived from hexanal oxime, followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the acetate and esterification (535). A homologous series of 3-[4-alkyloxyphenyl]-5-[3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl]-2-isoxazolines, having chiral properties has been synthesized by the reaction of nitrile oxides, from the dehydrogenation of 4-alkyloxybenzaldoximes. These compounds exhibit cholesteric phase or chiral nematic phase (N ), smectic A (S4), and chiral smectic phases (Sc ), some at or just above room temperature (536). 

The oxidative addition of alkane C-H bonds to Pt(II) has also been observed in these TpRa -based platinum systems. As shown in Scheme 19, methide abstraction from the anionic Pt(II) complex (K2-TpMe2)PtMe2 by the Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 resulted in C-H oxidative addition of the hydrocarbon solvent (88). When this was done in pentane solution, the pentyl(hydrido)platinum(IV) complex E (R = pentyl) was observed as a... 

In a similar fashion, ethylation reactions of the corresponding 1-oxide and 4-oxide of 23 have been described using triethylaluminum, diethylzinc and triethylborane. Pentylation and octylation of 2-chloropyrazines and its 4-oxides were also feasible using pentylstannane and octylstannane, but pentylation and octylation of 2-chloropyrazine 1-oxide failed [9],... 

The Sonogashira reaction of 2-chloropyrazine 1-oxide gave only recovered starting material. Pentylation and octylation of 2-chloropyrazine 1-oxide also failed [9]. Possible explanations for these results were either catalyst agglomeration or metal formation from pyrazinylpalladium... 

Pentane gives 1-pentyl chloride as the main product, which is highly interesting as all other oxidative functionalisations will give a secondary alkyl derivative as the product, because for radical attack the secondary hydrogens are more reactive than the primary ones. 

A report considers the reactions of 1-butoxy and 1-pentoxy radicals with oxygen (eqs 1 and 2) and of their isomerizations by 1,5-H-shift (eqs 3 and 4) using direct and time-resolved monitoring of the formation of NO2 and HO radicals in the laser flash-initiated oxidation of 1-butyl and 1-pentyl radicals. ... 

Methyl-2-pentene-2-one, see Mesityl oxide 4-Methyl-2-pentyl acetate, see sec-Hexyl acetate 4-Methyl-l-pentylene, see 4-Methyl-l-pentene Methyl pentyl ketone, see 2-Heptanone Methylpentylmethylene, see Methylcyclopentane a-Methylphenanthrene, see 1-Methylphenanthrene... 

Several reagents reduce aldehydes preferentially to ketones in mixtures of both. Very high selectivity was found in reductions using dehydrated aluminum oxide soaked with isopropyl alcohol and especially diisopropylcarbinol [755], or silica gel and tributylstamane [756]. The best selectivity was achieved with lithium trialkoxyalumimm hydrides at —78°. In the system hexanal/ cyclohexanone the ratio of primary to secondary alcohol was 87 13 at 0° and 91.5 8.5 at —78° with lithium tris(/er/-butoxy)aluminum hydride [752], and 93.6 6.4 at 0° and 99.6 0.4 at —78° with lithium tris(3-ethyl-3-pentyl-oxy)aluminum hydride [752],... 

Dimethyl-2-neopentylpentanal, by oxidation of 4,4-dimethyl-2-neo-pentyl-l-pentene with chromyl chloride, 51, 6... 

For pentyl radical, internal H-atom transfers can occur regardless of whether further oxidation occurs. These unimolecular reactions can directly compete with oxidation steps and so have implications for low-temperature combustion. For instance, n-pentyl radical can quickly isomerize to iso-pentyl radical via 1,4-H atom transfer each of these radicals can undergo p-scission reactions to yield a new alkyl radical + alkene ... 

In general, the trends predicted by -propylperoxy radical, 1-butoxy radical, and -pentyl radical provide good benchmarks for understanding the oxidation chemistry of longer chain radicals. For instance, 1,5-H-atom transfer and... 

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