Pentose utilization

Physical or chemical modification of a substrate may additionally selectively affect transformation or uptake Keil and Kirchman (1992) compared the degradation of Rubisco uniformly labeled with 3H amino acids produced via in vitro translation to Rubisco that was reductively methylated with 3H-methane. Although both Rubisco preparations were hydrolyzed to lower molecular weights at approximately the same rate, little of the methylated protein was assimilated or respired. The presence of one substrate may also inhibit uptake of another, as has been demonstrated for anaerobic rumen bacteria. Transport and metabolism of the monosaccharides xylose and arabinose were strongly reduced in Ruminococcus albus in the presence of cellobiose (a disaccharide of glucose), likely because of repression of pentose utilization in the presence of the disaccharide. Glucose, in contrast, competitively inhibited xylose transport and showed noncompetitive inhibition of arabinose transport, likely because of inactivation of arabinose permease (Thurston et al., 1994). 

Thurston, B., K. A. Dawson, and H. J. Strobel. 1994. Pentose utilization by the ruminal acterium Ruminococcus albus. Applied Environmental Microbiology 60 1087-1092. 

Gosh A, Zhao H, Price N. (2011). Genome-scale consequences of cofactor balancing in engineered pentose utilization pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLOS One, 6, e27316. 

Hahn-Hagerdal B, Karhumaa K, Jeppsson M, Gorwa-Grauslund MF. (2007). Metabohc engineering for pentose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol, 108, 147-177. 

Meiswinkel TM, Gopinath V, Lindner SN, Nampoothiri KM, Wendisch VF. (2013). Accelerated pentose utilization by Corynebacterium glutamicum for accelerated production of lysine, glutamate, ornithine and putrescine. Microb Biotechnol, 6, 131-140. 

Barre. 1978. Identification of thermobacteria and homofermentative thermophilic pentose-utilizing lactobacilli from high temperature fermenting grape musts. J. AppL Bacteriol 44 125-130. 

The utilization of polysaccharides and biomass-derived sugars are highly desired for cost reduction and flexibility of the overall industrial production process. The sugar uptake systems of the amino acid production strain have to be engineered to extend the substrate utilization spectrum to polysaccharides and pentose sugars. Resistance to biomass pretreatment derived inhibitors is another quality for the strains to extend their substrate spectrum. - Strains with inherent pentose utilization systems (e.g., E. coli), have to be engineered for amino acid overproduction. 

GopinathV, MeiswinkelTM.WendischVF, Nampoothiri KM. Amino acid production from rice straw and wheat bran hydrolysates by recombinant pentose-utilizing Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011 92 985-96. 

Hahn-Haegerdal, B., Karhumaa, K., Jeppsson, M., and Gorwa-Grauslund, M.F. (2007) Metabohc engineering for pentose utilization in Saccharomyces... 

Bettiga M, Bengtsson O, Hahn-Hagerdal B, Gorwa-Grausiund MF (2009) Arabinose and xylose fermentation by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a fungal pentose utilization pathway. Microb Cell Fact 8(1) 40... 

---