Steam peeling

Granules In Japan, sweet potato granules are produced by the add-back process similar to that of potato granules. In this process, roots are peeled, steamed, crushed (moisture content 68%), dry granules added back (moisture content reduced to 35%-45%), conditioned, granulated, and flash-dried. The granules can be used in croquettes or snack foods [25]. 

Essentia.1 Oils. Essential oils (qv) are extracted from the flower, leaf, bark, fmit peel, or root of a plant to produce flavors such as mint, lemon, orange, clove, cinnamon, and ginger. These volatile oils are removed from plants either via steam distillation, or using the cold press method, which avoids heat degradation. Additional processing is sometimes employed to remove the unwanted elements from the oils, such as the terpenes in citms oils which are vulnerable to oxidation (49,50). 

Lime Oil. This oil is obtained from the fmit Citrus aurantijolia Swingle the Key, Mexican, or West Indian lime or C latijolia Tanaka, the Persian lime, either by steam distillation or expression. Either the entire cmshed fmit or only the peel may be used, depending on the specific properties desired. A typical commercial distilled lime oil contains the constituents shown in Table 10 (25). 

It coolaius dipttjtene, 15 per cent, of linalol, and 1 per cent, of ciiral. H. F. Roller bas examioed the oil obtained by steam distillation from the peel of Citrus de umatui grown in the United Stales. He found it to have the following charicicrs —... 

Tomatoes are washed upon receipt at the processing plant. Canned tomatoes are peeled by dipping the tomatoes in boiling water or lye or by steam treatment and cut for the size of product to be canned. Tomato juice is added to the cans before closing. They are heated in a retort to achieve commercial sterility. 

Peeling, one of the most delicate pretreatments, is achieved industrially by abrasion, high-pressure steam, treatment with sodium hydroxide solution, or mechanically. Abrasion is effected by rough, moving surfaces which remove the outer surface of the product, but it has the drawback of considerable loss of raw material. Steam peeling consists of heating the product to... 

Raw materials are isolated from various parts of plants, e.g., blossoms, buds, fruit, peel, seeds, leaves, bark, wood, roots, or from resinous exudates. Different parts of the same plant may yield products with different compositions. For instance, steam distillation of the bark of the cinnamon tree gives cinnamon bark oil, which contains mainly cinnamaldehyde, whereas cinnamon leaf oil obtained from the leaves of the tree contains eugenol as its major constituent. 

Distilled lime oils are produced by steam distillation of an oil-juice emulsion that is obtained by chopping the whole fruit. The acid present in the juice acts on the oil released from the peel and changes its characteristics. The original components are modified to form a series of new compounds. The main constituent is still limonene. 

The moist cake of residue and paper is transferred to a small dish and the Alter paper is peeled clean from the solid, which is then re-moistened with about 10ml of water. On addition of a solution of 7g more of potassium cyanide in 15ml of water, the nickel cyanide dissolves with the formation of an orange-red solution. The clear liquid is evaporated to crystallization on the steam bath, cooled in ice, suction-filtered, and dried in air. 

Log Conditioning. Veneer and plywood plants in the United States use either steam vats or hot water vats to condition logs preparatory to peeling or slicing. Steam vats are the more common nationally, but both types are employed extensively in the South and Southeast. 

Hie diagram show how limonene can be extracted from lemon peel by steam distillation. 

The species Cit us aurantium produces different essential oils depending upon which part of the plant is used. Expression of the outer peel of the almost ripe citrus fruit produces the Bitter orange essential oil, steam distillation of leaves and twigs produces Petitgrain, while steam distillation of the freshly picked flower produces Neroli or orange blossom essential oil. 

Orris Root Oil occurs as a light yellow to brown-yellow mass at room temperature and melts to form a yellow to yellow-brown liquid. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the peeled, dried, and aged rhizomes of Iris pallida Lam. (Fam. Iridaceae). It is soluble in most fixed oils, in mineral oil, and in propylene glycol. It is insoluble in glycerin. 

PROP From steam distillation of peeled, dried, aged rhizomes of Iris pallida L. (Fam. Iridaceae). Light yellow to brown solid at room temp. Mp 38-50°. Sol in fixed oils, mineral oil, propylene glycol insol in glycerin. 

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