PB-responsive elements

Figure 9.8. PB response elements in CYP102 and CYP2B genes. (From Kakizaki, S., Yamamoto, Y., Ueda, A., Moore, R., Sueyoshi, T., and Negishi, M. Phenobarbital induction of drug/steroid-metabolizing enzymes and nuclear receptor CAR. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1619, 239-242, 2003.)...

Olenyuk BZ, Zhang GJ, Klco JM, Nickols NG, Kaelin WG Jr, Dervan PB. Inhibition of vascular endotheUal growth factor with a sequence-specific hypoxia response element antagonist. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004 101 16768-16773. 

The synthesis of MTs has been examined in several cell lines. Most studied have been two rainbow trout cell lines, RTH-149 and RTG-2, and the Chinook embryo cell line, CHSE-214151 160 229 231. Heavy metals induced MTs in RTH-149 and RTG-2 but not in CHSE-214. Methylation of the MT genes appeared to account for the failure of MTs to be induced in CHSE-214161. MTF-1, the metal response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1, has been demonstrated in RTH-149 and RTG-2 and in a zebrafish cell line, ZEM2S62. ZEM2S had a single isoform of MTF-1, whereas RTH-149 and RTG-2 contained two isoforms. Zn but not Cd activated MTF-1 binding to MRE in cells from both species. A cell line from at least one marine species has been studied for MT expression. In a turbot fibroblast cell line, Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn but not Pb induced MT mRNA and MT levels89. 

Fig. 7.4 The HIV-1 lentiviral-based vector contains the 5 long terminal repeat (5 -LTR), transactivation response region (TAR), packaging sequence (0), primer binding site (pbs), splice donor (SD) and acceptor (SA) sites, Rev response element (RRE), the 3 long terminal repeat (3 -LTR) and the polypurine tract (ppt) from HIV-1. It contains a cassette with the tat cDNA placed under the LacS-witch II inducible mammalian expression system...

Figure 8.3. A model of CAR-mediated induction of CYP2B expression by PB. Inactive CAR normally resides in the cytoplasm. PB acts on unknown cellular targets to induce the nuclear accumulation of CAR. In the nucleus, activated CAR heterodimerizes with RXR to bind response elements in the promoter of CYP2B and other target genes to induce gene expression. Phosphorylation events are thought to be important in regulating the CAR signaling pathway. Inset In the absence of PB and other CAR activators, inverse agonists can bind CAR and repress its transcriptional activity.

In the determination of lead by ASV, inter-metalhc species and overlapping signals can often lead to comphcations [34]. The effect of possible interferences when using sono-CSV, from other ionic metallic species often found in industrial waste, such as chromium, copper, nickel, iron, cadmium, and zinc, was investigated on a BDD electrode. The results demonstrated that Cr, Ni, Cd, and Zn were not detected by this technique. However, both Cu and Fe were detected at potentials more cathodic than for Pb reduction but had no effect on the Pb response. Figure 4 shows the responses observed for Cu, Pb and Fe, demonstrating a very high elemental specificity for lead (1 pM) over Cu (150 pM) and Fe (300 pM). 

Becker PB, Gloss B, Schmid W, Strahle U, Schutz G (1986) In vivo protein-DNA interactions in a glucocorticoid response element require the presence of the hormone. Nature 324 686-688... 

Isotope abundance and elemental information is exhibited in cold El mass spectra, due to the enhanced molecular ion and the ionisation of isolated molecules without Cl-type reactions. Supersonic LC-MS provides a linear response, unlike LC-PB-MS. LC-SMB-MS is expected to compete with APPI, APCI and PB LC-MS modes (Scheme 7.8 and Figure 6.4). 

A total of 80 soil samples and 30 stream sediment samples were collected in the vicinity of known mineralization and analyzed for 36 elements in four size fractions. Orientation results indicate that soil samples should be collected from the near-surface soil horizon on a 100 by 200 m grid pattern, and sieved to the coarse, -8+35 mesh fraction prior to analysis. Stream sediment samples should be collected at a sample density of approximately 1 sample per 1 km and sieved to the fine, -150 mesh fraction. As expected, copper and molybdenum show the strongest response to copper-molybdenum mineralization at both Pico Prieto and Venado in addition, the following elements are also associated with mineralization at Tameapa Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, V, W, Ni, As, Sb, Bi, Se, Sr, and Ba. 

The following elements are associated with copper-molybdenum mineralization in soils at Tameapa Cu, Mo, Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, V, W, Ni, As, Sb, Bi, and Se. As expected, copper and molybdenum show the strongest response to copper-molybdenum mineralization at both Pico Prieto and Venado. 

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