Payment systems security

BuPf89 Holger Biirk, Andreas Pfitzmann Digital Payment Systems Enabling Security and Unobservability Computers Security 8/5 (1989) 399-416. 

Damg90 Ivan Bjerre Damgard Payment Systems and Credential Mechanisms with Provable Security Against Abuse by Individuals Crypto 88, LNCS 403, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1990, 328-335. 

PfWa92a Birgit Pfitzmann, Michael Waidner How to Break and Repair a Provably Secure Untraceable Payment System Crypto 91, LNCS 576, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992, 338-350. 

Prospective Payment Assessment Commission (ProPAC) a federal commission established under the Social Security Act amendments of 1983 to advise and assist Congress and the Department of Health and Human Services in maintaining and updating the Medicare prospective payment system. 

FRl), and the secure payment transfer system (DP2) influences payment from the customer (FR2). 

The British social security system has since been characterised by a two track system of benefits one contributoiy scheme for the insured and a parallel means tested scheme for those who exhaust or never attain entitlement. Contributory insurance benefits cover the traditional risks of unemployment, sickness, pregnancy, invalidity, industrial injuries (i.e. accidents at work) and occupational disease, old age and death. Currently they include contribution-based Jobseeker s Allowance (JSA), Incapacity Benefit (IB), Maternity Allowance, Industrial Injuries Benefits, and Old Age Pension. Entitlement to each of these benefits depends upon satisfying the relevant tests governing payment of NI contributions. 

In France, activation is achieved by means of a strict control of access to social security. Here, it has to be distinguished between non-contributoiy systems for the needy and contributory insurance systems, i.e. the insurances branches which attribute social benefits on the basis of former payment of social contributions. But job seekers who are not entitled to such social benefits may have access to activation measures with the objective to get a job, especially by special contracts, i.e. contrats aides. ... 

The basic concept of the CGO within CREST remains the same—that is, the provision of secure settlement for gilt-edged securities through an efficient and reliable system of electronic book-entry transfers in real time against an assured payment. The CGO is a real-time, communication-based system. Settlement on the specified business day (T + 1 for normal gilt trades) is dependent on the matching by CGO of correctly input and authenticated instructions by both of the parties and the successful completion of presettlement checks on the parties stock account balances and credit headroom. 

As in a classic repo transaction, coupon or dividend payments that become payable on a security or bond during the term of the loan will be to the benefit of the stock lender. In the standard stock loan legal agreement, known as the OSLA agreement,there is no change of beneficial ownership when a security is lent out. The usual arrangement when a coupon is payable is that the payment is automatically returned to the stock lender via its settlement system. Such a coupon payment is known as a manufactured dividend. 

Another area that may impact the safety function within the Social Security Act is unemployment insurance. This nationwide joint federal and state system provides unemployment benefits to protect individuals and families against the loss of income due to unemployment. This complex system is encompassed within the Social Security Act as well as the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, requiring employers to provide an unemployment tax to the state at varying rates for employees, and the state to provide the funds to the U.S. Treasury Department. The secretary of the treasury is responsible for investing the funds, and the U.S. Department of Labor is responsible for certifying the unemployment payments to the state agencies. Each state has individual unemployment compensation laws that incorporate various provisions of the Social Security Act and Federal Unemployment Tax Act. 

PTW PUWER Permit To Work Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 SSCPR SSOW Social Security (Claims and Payments) Regulations Safe Systems of Work... 

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