Paxillin

Among the substrates of Src are other nonreceptor PTKs (e.g., Fak, Syk, and Tec kinases), RTKs (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors), phospholipase Cy, PI3-kinase, phosphatases (e.g., SHP-2 and PP2A), and adaptor (e.g., She and Cbl) as well as focal adhesion proteins (e.g., paxillin, pl30Cas andtensin). Src-mediated phosphorylation either modulates enzymatic activity of... 

Didier, C., etal., RNF5, a Ring-finger protein that regulates cell motility by targeting paxillin ubiquitination and altered localization. Mol Cell Biol,... 

Paramecium 17, 20 Paramylon 170,174 Parathion 636s Parathyroid hormone 314 Paratose 180s Partition coefficient 410 Parvalbumin 312-316 Parvoviruses 244 Patterson map 135 Pauling, Linus C. 83, 84 Paxillin 406... 

In an effort to identify the number of integrins required to trigger the formation of a stable FA, Spatz and co-workers studied a REF cell line on smaller nanostructured micropatterns. These experiments revealed that a minimum of six integrins per adhesive micropatterns were necessary to observe persistent cell adhesion. Adhesive islands with a side length larger than 1 pm induce the formation of FAs rich in paxillin, an integrin adaptor protein associated to actin fibres. These... 

Despite this complexity, most integrins share two, key interrelated functions first, to promote the assembly and organization of the actin cytoskeleton [122, 123] and second, to regulate signal transduction cascades [124-126], Spanning the cell membrane, these subunits serve as a communication pathway, linking the actin cytoskeleton and intracellular cytoplasmic proteins involved in focal adhesion complexes (FACs) with the cell s dynamic extracellular environment (Fig. 8) [127-130]. There are at least 50 distinct proteins known to be involved in FACs. Actin [131], vinculin, talin, tensin, a-actinin, and filamin provide a structural role, while focal adhesion kinase [132], integrin-linked kinase, Src-family kinase, PINCH, paxillin... 

Huang, C., Rajfur, Z., Borchers, C., et al. 2003. JNK phosphorylates paxillin and regulates cell migration. Nature 424 219-223. 

Leduc, I., and Meloche, S. 1995. Angiotensin II stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion-associated protein paxillin in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 270 4401 1404. 

Stretch-induced mechanical loading also appears to effect secondary messenger activation in airway smooth muscle cells. A 20% single static stretch of rat pulmonary smooth muscle cells increases both Ca+2 influx and efflux. Mechanical strain rapidly increases tyrosine phosphorylation of ppl25FAK and paxillin in airway smooth muscle cells cultured in type I collagen matrices. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors hindered strain-induced reorientation and elongation of airway smooth muscle cells. 

Endothelial cell migration is mediated by two additional pathways that stimulate cytoskeletal reorganization. These involve the p38 MAPK and focal adhesion kinase with paxillin phosphorylation, respectively [31]. PIP3 also activates the small GTP-binding protein Rac which facilitates endothelial cell migration. The PI3K pathway may also contribute to VEGF-enhanced endothelial cell proliferation [32],... 

Wang, F., Nobes, C.D., Hall, A. and Spiegel, S., 1997, Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulates Rho-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in Swiss 3T5 fibroblasts. Biochem. J. 324 481-488. 

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