Paternity assurance

A question of interest concerned the paternity of Utetheisa offspring. Given that females are promiscuous, do males have assurance of fathering offspring when they mate Is there sperm mixing in multiply mated females, or do the sperm of some males "win out" over those of others ... 

Under current U.S. federal guidelines, the following records must be retained for at least 2 years for all laboratory testing specimen requisitions, patient test results and reports, instrument printouts, accession records, quality control records, instrument maintenance records, proficiency testing records, and quality improvement records. Laws concerning records for paternity and forensic testing vary by state it is the responsibility of the director to assure all applicable regulations are met. 

The quality control and assurance measures for paternity testing are similar to those for other types of human identity testing. Positive identification of samples, prevention of DNA contamination, the use of control alleles of known size, and the validation of software employed for genetic analysis and calculation are among measures common to identity testing programs. Population distribution data for the systems used must be documented. In addition, mutation frequencies of the systems used must be dociunented and used appropriately. 

Jacob, on the other hand, is often very naive. He assures Dorton that he has no doubts about his paternity ... 

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