Particle growth mixing

Plaques are essentially windows in the lawn of confluent cell growth. With bacterial viruses, plaques may be obtained when virus particles are mixed into a thin layer of host bacteria which is spread out as an agar overlay on the surface of an agar medium. During incubation of the culture, the bacteria grow and form a turbid layer which is visible... 

The main drawbacks of solid-state techniques are that (i) the distribution of the dopant in the host lattice may not be even since the precursors are not mixed on the atomic scale, and (ii) particle growth cannot be easily controlled and so milling and sieving is necessary. 

Crystallization from an overall viewpoint represents transfer of a material from solution (or even a gas) to a solid phase by cooling, evaporation, or a combination of both. But there is more to it. Of considerable importance are economics, crystal size distribution, purity, and the shape of the crystals. Impurities or mother solution are carried along only in the surface or occlusions in the crystals. The partical size distribution depends on the distribution of seed crystals, which are injected into the crystallizer prior to initiation of crystallization (batch) or continuously from recycled undersized particles, the mixing in the system, the crystal growth rate, and the degree of supersaturation of the mother liquor. As in shown in the figures, both batch and continuous crystallization are used in industry. 

Pure TaC is the only carbide utilized in cemented carbides in which it acts in a similar way to VC as a particle growth inhibitor. NbC-TaC mixed crystals are preferred for economic reasons and will replace TiC in cutting materials of the WC-TiC-Co-type (see Section 5.6.5.4) and improve scaling resistance. 

AgCl nanoparticles have been synthesised by using a water/cyclohexane/polyoxyethylene (6) nonylphenyl ether (NP-6) microemulsion wherein AgN03 and KC1 solutions were added and mixed [66]. The particle growth rate and the final particle size at a given co were... 

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