Partial heat of explosion

Explosionswarme, partielle = partial heat of explosion 162 explosion tardive (long feu) = hang-fire 160... 

The values of heats of explosion can also be more simply calculated from the partial heats of explosion of the components of the propellant (see below). 

In some countries, especially during World War I when nitroglycerine was in short supply, it was partly replaced by aromatic nitro compounds, e.g. liquid DNT (a liquid mixture of DNT and TNT isomers). Partial replacement of nitroglycerine by nitro compounds also reduced the erosive effect of the powder by lowering the heat of explosion and the flame temperature during explosive decomposition. 

The whole set-up for partial oxidation comprises a micro mixer for safe handling of explosive mixtures downstream (flame-arrestor effect), a micro heat exchanger for pre-heating reactant gases, the pressure vessel with the monolith reactor, a double-pipe heat exchanger for product gas cooling and a pneumatic pressure control valve to allow operation at elevated pressure [3]. 

In view of the ready commercial availability and apparent stability of the hexahy-drate, it is probable that the earlier report of explosion on impact, and deflagration on rapid heating [1] referred to the material produced by partial dehydration at 100°C, rather than the hexahydrate [2], The caked crystalline hydrated salt, prepared from aqueous perchloric acid and excess cobalt carbonate with subsequent heated evaporation, exploded violently when placed in a mortar and tapped gently to break up the crystalline mass, when a nearby dish of the salt also exploded [3]. Subsequent investigation revealed the probable cause as heating the solid stable hexahydrate to a temperature ( 150°C) at which partial loss of water produced a lower and endothermic hydrate (possibly a trihydrate) capable of explosive decomposition. This hazard may also exist for other hydrated metal perchlorates, and general caution is urged [4,5],... 

High Density Explosives. Explosives of high density are prepd by heating AN with freezing point depressants such as urea to effect only partial liquefaction of AN and adding to the mixture Ca-Si, Fe-Si, Al, or aromatic nitrocompounds... 

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