PART 4 POLYMER TECHNOLOGY

It is not feasible here to go in any detail into the history of processing methods let it suffice to point out that that history goes back to the Victorian beginnings of polymer technology. Thus, as Mossman and Morris (1993) report, the introduction of camphor into the manufacture of parkesine in 1865 was asserted to make it possible to manufacture more uniform sheets than before. Processing has always been an intimate part of the gradual development of modern polymers. 

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is frequently applied in the fields of catalysis and polymer technology. It has poor spatial resolution, and is generally limited to homogenous samples. Radiation sensitive materials are more appropriate for XPS analysis, as the X-ray beam is less damaging to the specimen surface than the electron beam used in AES, partly due to the lower flux densities that are used. 

This work was performed under the management of the Research Association for Basic Polymer Technology as part of the R D Program of Basic Polymer Technology for Future Industries, sponsored by the NEDO. 

J.6.3 Summary. Prepolymers have played an important part in practically every branch of urethane polymer technology. They offer several functions (Wells, 1969) mainly they... 

J.H. Saunders and K.C.Frisch, Polyurethanes, Chemistry and Technology, High Polymers, Volume 14, Part II, Technology, 1964, Interscience Publishers, New York, NY, USA. 

The first permanent photography was obtained with this system. Very soon bitumen was replaced by chromium colloids which remained Irreplaceable for a long time. The real start of modern photosensitive polymer technology occurred in 1930 when Murray showed that the unsaturated ketones could be photo-cross-linked to form resists. First limited to the graphic field, these techniques became later an indispensable part of electronic microminiaturization by making printed and Integrated circuitry possible. 

Low tension waterflooding is a method intermediate between alkaline and micellar/polymer technology. The LTWF employs a dilute surfactant to reduce IFT and mobilize residual oil. A few field trials (26-29) of this process have been tried with mixed success. None of these trials however employed sodium silicates in any part of the flood design. Instead, other alkalis such as sodium carbonate and sodium tripoly- phosphate were used. Some of the reasons proposed for the limited success in these trials were 1) high consumption of the sacrificial agents, leaving the surfactant unprotected, 2) poor sweep of the pay zone, 3) limited mobility control and lower than expected displacement efficiency. Recent work published and obtained in our laboratories has shown that sodium silicates may help to overcome some of these problems better than other alkalis. 

Part VI is totally new. It is an introduction into polymer technology and thus discusses thermoplasts, thermosets, elastomers, fibers, coatings, and adhesives with respect to their end-use properties. It also contains chapters on additives, blends and composites. 

Part C Reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry Part D Reviews in Polymer Technology Journal of Materials Science Journal of Polymer Science, A-1, A 2, B, C now... 

Notwithstanding these and other contributions, the role of F as a monomer or comonomer is unlikely to acquire a major impact in polymer technology, as compared to FA, which has a decisive part to play, as discussed in the next section. 

The cheapness of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), obtained as a byproduct from the cracking of oil, makes it an attractive candidate for the production of materials by metathesis polymerization. Its ROMP has been extensively studied and two companies, BFGoodrich and Hercules, have commercialized the corresponding polymer under the tradenames Telene and Metton respectively [34, 35]. Recently, a part of BFGoodrich and APT (Advanced Polymer Technologies) formed a joint venture to produce some related products, especially poly-DCPD. This company has... 

S. Fellahi, A. Meddad, B. Fisa and B. C. Favis, Weldlines in injection-molded parts a review. Advances in Polymer Technology, 14, 169-195 (1995). 

Saunders, J. H., Frisch, K. C. (1962). Polyurethanes chemistry and technology, High Polymers, Technology. Interscience Publishers, New York, Vol. XVI, Part II. 

As the title of my talk indicates, I would like to give you an industrial perspective as to where I think human needs, which for the most part drive the marketplace, will require polymer science and engineering to go in the next few decades. I hope to illustrate that polymers are a never ending frontier, to more or less borrow a phrase, for the betterment of man, limited only by our imagination. I suspect most of you already believe this, but you also know many within and outside our field are raising doubts, especially In the environmental areas. So my theme today will encompass both the opportunity and the responsibilities we have as we develop new technology, especially polymers technology. 

Chen M., Yao D., Kim B., Eliminating flow induced birefiingence and minimizing thermally induced residual stresses in injection molded parts, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 40,491-503(2001). 

Nan-Shing ONQ H.L.LEE, M.A.Parvez. Influence of Processing Conditions and Part Desigh on the Gas-Assisted Injection Molding Process. Advances in Polymer Technology, 2001, 20(4) 270-280... 

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