Webworm, parsnip

Carroll M. J. and Berenbaum M. R. (2002). Behavioral responses of the parsnip webworm to host plant volatiles. J Chem Ecol 28 2191-2201. 

Carroll, M.J. and Berenbaum, M.R. (2006) Lutein sequestration and furanocoumarin metabolism in parsnip webworms under different ultraviolet light regimes in the montane west. /. Chem. Ecol., 32, 277-305. 

Nitao, J.K., Berhow, M., Duval, S.M., Weisleder, D., Vaughn, S.F., Zangerl, A. and Berenbaum M.R. (2003) Characterization of furanocoumarin metabolites in parsnip webworm, Depressaria pastinacella.. Chem. Ecol, 29, 671-82. 

Berenbaum, M. R., A. R. Zangerl, and J. K. Nitao, Constraints on chemical coevolution Wild parsnip and the parsnip webworm. Evolution, 40, 1215-1228 (1986). 

When parsnip webworm larvae were fed radioactively labeled xanthotoxin (19), approximately 95% was metabolized, indicating that metabolic detoxification is important in tolerance of the insect to furanocoumarins. Excretion of the remaining xanthotoxin and metabolites occurred both in the frass and through the silk glands. The silk glands contained half as much tritium as the rest of the body (Nitao, 1989, 1990). 

Nitao, J. K., Metabolism and excretion of the furanocoumarin xanthotoxin by parsnip webworm, Depressaria pastinacella, J. Chem. Ecol., 16, 417-428 (1990). 

Berenbaum, M.R. A.R. Zangerl. 1994. Costs of inducible defense protein limitation, growth, and detoxification in parsnip webworms. Ecology 75 2311-2317. 

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