Parodi’s relation

It is well known that Truesdell is of the view that Onsager s relations do not apply to phenomena like heat conduction, viscosity and diffusion since there is no unambiguous way of selecting the fluxes and forces. It would appear therefore that there may be some doubts as to the validity of Parodi s relation. Available data indicate that (3.1.39) is satisfied within experimental limits, but, in any case, the relation has been tadtly assumed to be true in most discussions. 

Parodi, S., S.DeFlora, M.Cavanna, and others. 1981. DNA-damaging activity in vivo and bacterial mutagenicity of sixteen hydrazine derivatives as related quantitatively to their carcinogenicity. Cancer Res. 41 1469-1482. 

Taningher M, Parodi S, Grilli S, et al. 1991. Lack of correlation between alkaline DNA fragmentation and DNA covalent binding induced by polychloroethanes after in vivo administration. Problems related to the assessment of a carcinogenic hazard. Cancer Detect Prev 15 35-39. 

Delmonte S, Brusati C, Parodi A, Rebora A. leukemia-related Sweet s syndrome elicited by pathergy to Arnica. Dermatology 1998 197(2) 195-6. 

The publication of Rachel Carson s Silent Spring in 1962 and her description of pesticide contamination of waterways, land, and wildlife galvanized, for the first time, the American public s concern about the chemical industry. The issue was further fed by the heated response of the chemical industry when Monsanto published and distributed 5000 copies of a brochure parodying Silent Spring, which related the devastation and inconvenience of a world where famine, disease, and insects ran amok because chemical pesticides had been banned. Carson s carefully researched work was only vindicated when many eminent scientists rose to her defense, and President John F. Kennedy ordered the President s Science Advisory Committee to examine the issues the book raised (NRDC, 2004). As a result, DDT came under much closer government supervision and was eventually banned. 

In the classic 1967 film The Graduate, the protagonist, Benjamin (Dustin Hoffman), is attempting to plan his postcollege path. His neighbor provides one word of advice, Plastics. This counsel has become part of American culture and is often parodied. But, it is good advice, because not since the transformations from stone to bronze and then to iron have new materials so completely transformed a society. Plastics made from synthetic polymers are ubiquitous, from Tupperware to artificial hearts. About half the world s chemists work in polymer-related industries. 

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