Parathyroid tumor

Calcitonin +, Chromogranin -P, Synaptophysin -P, TTF-1 +, CD56 -P, Leu7 +, SlOO -P, NSE +, CEA -P, Vimentin (in spindle cell components) -P, CK7 +, 

Proliferation index [Ki-67 (MIB-1) index] 5% Parathyroid hormone (PTH) -P, Chromogranin -P, Synaptophysin -P, Neurofilaments -P, Vimentin +/—, Pan-Cytokeratin -P, CK8 -P, CK7 —/+, CK19 +/—, Cydin D1 +/—, Caldtonin —/+, Calectin-3 —/+, CK5/6, CK20, TTF-1, Thyroglobulin, CD56-Proliferation index [Ki-67 (MIB-1) index] 6% 

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Dwight T, Kytola S, Teh BT, Theodosopoulos G, Richardson AL, Philips J, Twigg S, Delbridge L, Marsh DJ, Nelson AE, Larsson C, Robinson BG. Genetic analysis of lithium-associated parathyroid tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 2002 146(5) 619-27. 

Hyperparathyroidism Increased parathyroid hormone secretion, usually caused by parathyroid tumors leads to excessive bone resorption and hypercalcemia Usually treated surgically by partial or complete resection of the parathyroid gland... 

Abbona GC, Papotti M, Gasparri G, Bussolati G. Proliferative activity in parathyroid tumors as detected by Ki-67 immuno-staining. Hum Pathol. 1995 26 135-138. 

Howell VM, Haven CJ, Kahnoski K, et al. HRPT2 mutations are associated with malignancy in sporadic parathyroid tumors. J Med Genet. 2003 40 657-663. 

Juhlin CC, Villablanca A, Sandelin K, et al. Parafibromin immunoreactivity its use as an additional diagnostic marker for parathyroid tumor classification. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007 14 501-512. 

Tominaga Y, Tsuzuki T, Matsuoka A, et al. Expression of parafibromin in distant metastatic parathyroid tumors in patients with advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease. World J Surg. 2008 32 815-821. 

Mangray S, DeLellis RA. Parafibromin as a tool for the diagnosis of parathyroid tumors (letter). Adv Anat Pathol. 2008 15 179. 

Clark OH. Mediastinal parathyroid tumors. Arch Surg. 1988 123 1096-1100. 

Nathaniels EK, Nathaniels AM, Wang CA. Mediastinal parathyroid tumors A clinical and pathological study of 84 cases. Ann Surg. 1970 171 165-170. 

Ordonez NG, Ibanez ML, Samaan NA, et al. Immunoperoxi-dase study of uncommon parathyroid tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1983 7 535-542. 

This procedure and calculation have been applied by Fraser (F9) to normal subjects and cases of parathyroid tumor and renal stone with the improved discrimination shown in Fig. 12. Figure 13 shows the PEI and... 

Fig. 15. Maximum specific gravity of urine in cases of parathyroid tumor before and after parathyroidectomy (calculated from data of Hellstrom, 1958). Reproduced by permission of Postgraduate Medicine.

There have been very few measurements of bone formation rate in primary hyperparathyroidism. Bone turnover determined by the stable strontium test of Fraser et al. (FIO) is reported to be high in cases of parathyroid tumor, but it is not known whether this is true of radioisotopic tracer tests. 

Vitamin D contributes to the calcemic action of the parathyroid hormone (C2, N14). Deficiency of vitamin D therefore results in a fall in ionic calcium concentration which stimulates the parathyroids. Parathyroid hypertrophy is seen in vitamin D-deficient animals (C3, H7, S7) and man (PI) and can be prevented by exposure to ultraviolet light (H7). A low plasma phosphorus concentration and high Cp/Ca are characteristic of osteomalacia and rickets, and the FEl is of the same order as that in parathyroid tumor (Nil) (Fig. 10). However, this high phosphate clearance, unlike that of parathyroid tumor, can be reduced to a normal or subnormal value by intravenous infusion of calcium (N5). 

Granular cell tumor, gliomas, melanoma Merkel cell tumor, pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, carcinoid, small cell cardnoma, parathyroid tumors... 

Westin G (2002) Inereased 25-hydroxyvitamin 2670. D3 la-hydroxylase and reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase expression in parathyroid tumors new prospects for treatment of hyperparathyroidism with vitamin D. J Clin Endoerinol 2671. Metab 87 5826-5829... 

Except for large tumors, the non-invasive techniques have shown little help in anatomical localization of parathyroid tumors, especially through the detection of secreting hormones at the neck veins. 

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