Parallel processing, of information

Parallel processing of information is a technique that speeds computer operations without the need to push the limits of existing technology by attempting to build increasingly faster processors. A typical outline of transputer architecture compared with that of a standard computer is shown m Figure 43.3. 

A special computer language (Occam) is needed to enable transputers to be programmed in this cooperative mode, yielding true parallel processing of information with all its advantages in speed. 

We shall see below how molecular computers, quantum computers, genetic algorithms, and cellular automata can allow for massive parallel processing of information, which overcomes the limitations of the standard, sequentially working von Neumann computers and conventional algorithms. 

When compared to the analysis of hybridization events by detecting labels -even on arrays, the DNA MassARRAY approach differs significantly. The MassEXTEND assay is designed to give only the relevant information. The mass spec-trometric approach enables a direct analyte detection with 100% specificity and needs no redundancy. This accuracy and efficacy is combined with sample miniaturization, bioinformatics and chip-based technologies for parallel processing of numerous samples. 

MULLER, D., ABEL, R., BRANDT, R ZOCKLER, M., MENZEL, R., Differential parallel processing of olfactory information in the honeybee. Apis mellifera L, J. Comp. Physiol A, 2002,188, 359-370. 

Many commands have also been provided for setting the simulation condition and inquiring about the current design status or history. SECONDS also offers statistical information, such as the utilization rate of memory and ALU or the degree of parallel processing of independent parts or multi-memory banks. 

Parallel processing and the RISC set give transputers a considerable speed advantage over conventional serial processors for handling information or flows of data. 

The design and synthesis of supramolecular architectures with parallel control over shape and dimensions is a challenging task in current organic chemistry [13, 14], The information stored at a molecular level plays a key role in the process of self-assembly. Recent examples of nanoscopic supramolecular complexes from outside the dendrimer held include hydrogen-bonded rosettes [15,16], polymers [17], sandwiches [18, 19] and other complexes [20-22], helicates [23], grids [24], mushrooms [25], capsules [26] and spheres [27]. 

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