Paraffin synthesis, high pressure

High-Pressure Synthesis of High-Melting Paraffins with Ruthenium Catalysts. 289... 

In 1950 the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was banned in Germany by the allied forces. Sinarol, a high paraffinic kerosene fraction sold by Shell, was used as a substitute. This ban coincided with the rapid development of the European petrochemical industry, and in due time Fischer-Tropsch synthesis applied to the production of paraffins became uneconomic anyway. After the war there was a steady worldwide increase in the demand for surfactants. In order to continually meet the demand for synthetic detergents, the industry was compelled to find a substitute for /z-paraffin. This was achieved by the oligomerization of the propene part of raffinate gases with phosphoric acid catalyst at 200°C and about 20 bars pressure to produce tetrapropene. Tetrapropene was inexpensive, comprising a defined C cut and an olefinic double bond. Instead of the Lewis acid, aluminum chloride, hydrofluoric acid could now be used as a considerably milder, more economical, and easier-to-handle alkylation catalyst [4],... 

Bed residence time effects on olefin and paraffin selectivity for a given hydrocarbon size also show that chain initiation by readsorbed olefins is the predominant reaction of a-olefins during FT synthesis at high reactant pressure (>500 kPa) on both Co and Ru catalysts. Olefins are selectively consumed in readsorption reactions only to reappear (with a certain probabil-... 

There are several industrial processes for succinic acid production (1) oxidation of paraffins forms a mixture of different carboxylic acids, followed by separation of succinic acid (2) catalytic hydrogenation of maleic acid or trani-maleic acid (3) electrochemical synthesis from maleic anhydride in a bipolar membrane or nonmembrane cell (4) production from acetylene, carbon monoxide, and water catalyzed by [Cq(CO) ] in an acid medium under a pressure of 2.94-49.03 MPa at 80-250°C. Among them, electrochemical synthesis is a generally applied process for succinic acid, which has the advantage of high yield, low cost, high purity of... 

---