Paper pulping industry

Bulk Enzymes. Enzymes such as proteases, amylases, glucose isomerases, and rennin are used in food processing. Similarly proteases and Hpases are used in detergents. CeUulases and xylanases are used in the paper pulp industry. The genes for most of the enzymes used in the various commercial processes have been cloned and overexpressed. Rennin (chymosin) produced from E. coli and A. nigerhas been approved by FDA for use in the dairy industry. 

Applications of Peroxidise Application in the Paper Pulp Industry... 

The three main platform molecules employed in terpene chemistry are a-pinene and / -pinene, which are extracted from turpentine oil (350000 t a-1) a co-product of paper pulp industry, and limonene extracted from citrus oil (30000 t a-1). 

This technique offers the advantage of require only moderate capital expenditure and yields a very pure product. However, continuous operation is unfeasible, and the consumption of energy and chemicals, as well as labor costs, are high. Moreover, the excess sodium sulfite produced must be sold, and one of the main outlets is the paper pulp industry. 

The paper pulping industry is reportedly not, in total, a very large emitter of sulfur oxides, although individual plants may present local problems. Kraft mills emit more malodorous reduced sulfur compounds, whereas sulfite mills are more important as emitters of sulfur dioxide. The pulping processes (particularly sulfite) are most interesting because the chemical recovery cycles use basic chemistry that could well be applied to recovery of sulfur dioxide and sulfur from the flue and process waste gases of other types of sources. 

The sodium-base sulfite systems present experience with sulfur recovery processes that may have wide application outside the paper pulp industry. The basic chemistry involved is historically very old (122). Essentially, four steps underlie the various processes ... 

Human activities have resulted in the release of a wide variety of both inorganic and organic forms of mercury. The electrical industry, chloro-alkali industry, and the burning of fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, etc.) release elemental mercury into the atmosphere. Metallic mercury has also been released directly to fresh water by chloro-alkali plants, and both phenylmer-cuiy and methylmercury compounds have been released into fresh and sea water -phenylmercury by the wood paper-pulp industry, particularly in Sweden, and methyl-mercury by chemical manufacturers in Japan. Important mercury compounds which also may be released into the environment include mercury(II) oxide, mercury(II) sulfide (cinnabar), mercury chlorides, mer-cury(II) bromide, mercury(II) iodine, mer-cury(II) cyanide, mercury(II) thiocyanate, mercury(II) acetate, mercury nitrates, mercury sulfates, mercury(II) amidochloride monoalkyl- and monoarylmercury(II) halides, borates and nitrates dialkylmercury compounds like dimethylmercury, alkoxyal-kylmercury compounds or diphenylmercury (Simon and Wiihl-Couturier 2002) (for quantities involved, see Section 17.4). 

With water slurry, chopped strands are in water (take-off used by the paper pulp industry for centuries). It produces intricate shaped preforms... 

The largest concentration of paper pulp industries in Europe is located in Norway, Sweden and Finland. These countries have precarious ecosystems, caused by their northerly latitudes, which dictates that they must pay particular attention to how they treat their environment. Chlorine gas, chlorine dioxide and sulfates are frequently used in the pulp bleaching process. These chemicals were released to the atmosphere in the past, but today are treated and absorbed in scrubbing towers. 

Fregert S (1974) Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde in paper. Contact Dermatitis Newsletter 15 459 Fregert S (1976) Registration of chemicals in industries. Slimicides in the paper-pulp industry. Contact Dermatitis 2 ... 

Uses Defoamer for syn. resin emulsions, emulsion-type adhesives, emulsion-type paints, latex prod., paper/pulp industry, wastewater, paints, inks, dyes, rubber, and plastics... 

Uses Antifoamer used in textile, petrochemical, paper pulp industries... 

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