Paper making chemicals, demand

Paper making consumed several thousand tons of various chemicals annually, and this demand stimulated the development of certain chemical branches, such as the production of sulphur, chlorine, and caustic and calcium salts. Nevertheless, in 1938 more than half of the chlorine, chloride of lime, sulphur and Glauber salt required was imported. Therefore, even in this field not all potential for growth was used. 

Two-thirds of the chlorine produced in North America is consumed by the organic chemicals industry (25% goes to ethylene dichloride production alone). Pulp and paper mills account for another 15%, while 5% of the total is used in water treatment. All of these applications, however, have environmental implications that led to demands from activist groups that the production of chlorine derivatives be reduced (even, in the extreme view, phased out entirely). While these concerns are being taken seriously in all quarters, and some chlorinated products have already been banned, the fact is that chlorine-based technologies make, and will continue to make, important positive contributions to human health and prosperity. Indeed, at the time of writing in 1996, chlorine consumption continues to rise, al-... 

Starch uses are traditionally split into food and nonfood, or into native, modified and hydrolyzed starches, starch sugars and fermentation products (- starch EU market, - starch industry, world). Strongest growth is in -> starch hydrolysis products for bulk sweeteners as well as for sugars as C-source in fermentation processes to produce solvents, starting and auxiliary materials for chemical reactions and for fuel ethanol (gasohol). Special starches for traditional application (paper and board processing, textile improvement, binders and others) ftirthermore will make up more than 30% of the entire industrial starch demand. 

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