Paper ashed

Note The outline presented by Pierson is, based on the method of W. Huff, M. Halik l F. Pristera described in PATR 2472 (Dec 1957) of the Feltman Research Laboratories, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ and also on the paper of F. Pristera (of PicArsn) in Applied Spectro-j scopy 7, 115 (1953) (See also Ref 18, pp7-9) Analysis of Wrapper for paraffin, NG, paper] ash, and moisture is described in detail, by Pierson (Ref 11, pi364) [... 

Figure 2. SEM x-ray energy spectrum of Eatons corrasable bond paper, ashed at 440°C in oxygen, showing six distinct peaks corresponding (with increasing energy) to Al, Si, S, Ca, and Ti (two peaks)...

Examine the Figure. A piece of paper is put into the bell in (1). In picture (2) we set fire to the paper. Ashes are left in (3). If everything has been weighed (the bell, the dish and the substances) in each case, we would observe that ... 

In the examination of paper ash, a strip (about 2x3 mm) of the specimen is ashed on a crucible lid until the residue has become as near white as possible. The ash is treated with a drop of the reagent solution, and it turns gray or black at once, or in a few minutes, according to the amount of alkali present. The ash of cigarette paper, newspaper, writing paper, and qualitative filter paper turns black immediately owing to the high alkali content, but the ash of quantitative paper shows almost no reaction. 

Calcium sulfate and aluminium sulfate are used as fillers and glazes in the manufacture of papers. To detect these compounds in paper several eg. of the sample are ashed and the residue is then treated with several drops of a solution of potassium permanganate to which some barium has been added. For details see page 431 where the use of the Wohlers effect for the detection of sulfate is described. A positive response by the paper ash indicates the presence of sulfate but this test does not diflerentiate between these sulfates. See page 543 for the detection of calcium sulfate in paper. 

Using tongs, hold a sugar cube and try to ignite it with a match. Then try to ignite it in a burner flame. Rub paper ash on a second cube, and try to ignite it with a match. 

Filter paper, ash-free. Seilacher and Schill No. 5892 is recommended. Store in a closed bottle. 

Depth (cm) Weight of Paper Filter (g) Weight of Evaporating Dish (g) Weight After Drying (g) Weight After Ashing (g)... 

Other industries that are traditionally located close to the source of raw materials include the steel (qv) industry, located close to iron ore the flour industry, close to wheat fields the meat-packing industry, close to gracing land for catde pulp and paper, close to forests and the mining industry, close to mines. The inorganic industry, including salts, ash, borax, and gypsum, has always been located near the source of the needed raw material. 

Sodium sulfite [7757-83-7] which is used in pulp and paper bleaching, is usually produced by the reaction of sulfur dioxide with either caustic soda or soda ash. 

The ether is then decanted from the crystals, wdiich are drained at the filter-pump, w ashed wfith a little ether, and finally diied in (he air on filter-paper. Yield of aldehyde-ammonia, 25—30 grams. It may be used for the reactions described on p. 67. 

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