Packed column technique

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Packed Columns Techniques and Applications, edited by Klaus Anton... 

K. Anton and C. Berger, Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Packed Columns - Techniques and Applications, M. Dekker, New York, NY (1998). 

EPA. 1986b. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for semivolatile organics packed column technique. Method 8250. In Test methods for evaluating solid waste. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1-30. 

Miscible displacement or packed column techniques also are widely used (i.e., Brusseau et al., 1990 Lee et al., 1991). In this approach, the chemical of interest is pumped through a soil column and the concentration of the chemical in the column effluent is monitored over time. The resulting concentration versus time curve is subtracted from that of a conservative (non-sorbed) tracer, pumped through the column at the same time or in a different experiment, to calculate the extent of sorption. 

The packed column technique is also widely used (Lee et al., 1991 Macintyre et al 1991), in which a solution of the chemical under investigation is pumped through a soil column, with the effluent concentration being monitored over time. Good agreement between batch and column methods has generally been observed (Doucette, 2003), although some appreciable differences have been noted (Maraqua et al., 1998). 

R. M. Smith, Chiral chromatography using sub- and supercritical fluids, in C. L. Berger and K. Anton (eds.), Supercritical fluid chromatography with packed columns. Techniques and Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998, Chapter, 8, pp. 223-249. 

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Packed Columns Techniques and Applications in Chromatographic Science Series, vol. 75, Anton, K. and Berger, C., Eds., Dekker, NY, 1998. 

T. L. Chester and J. D. Pinkston, Anal. Chem.. 2002, 74, 2901 T. L. Chester and J. D. Pinkston, Anal. Chem., 2000, 72, 129R T. L. Chester, J. D. Pinkston, and D. B. Raynie, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70. 301R K. Anton and C. Berger, Eds.. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Packed Columns. Techniques and Applications. New York Dekker. 

There is another packed column technique, referred to as porous HDC, or simply liquid exclusion chromatography or EEC, which has also been applied to particle size analysis. In this case the hardware nearly exactly duplicates that used for bulk polymers. Although the elution volume range is enhanced with these systems, the rather excessive band-spreading which results severely limits the resolution and therefore the practical use of the technique. 

Anton K and Berger C (1999) Supercritical fluid chromatography with packed columns, techniques and applications. New York Dekker. 

Multidimensional techniques of heart-cutting, cryotrapping, and back-flushing have been used to develop a capillary-based alternative to the packed-column techniques to determine residual vinylchloride monomer in PVC. This capillary-based method resolved some of the problems associated with the accuracy and reproducibility required for ultra-trace determination of this suspected carcinogen [52]. 

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Packed Columns Techniques and Applications, edited by Klaus Anton and Claire Berger Introduction to Analytical Gas Chromatography Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Raymond P. W. Scott... 

The question of whether packed-column or capillary SFC is preferred, is very dificult to answer. Both techniques have their advantages and disadvantages, depending on the particular separation problem. Lately the trend is more toward the packed-column technique because reproducibility and higher sensitivity are ensured. In addi-... 

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