Pacific radiocarbon

UCHIDA M., Shibata Y., Kawamura K., Kumamoto Y., Yoneda M., Ohkushi K., Harada N., Hirota M., Mukai H., Tanaka A., Kusakabe M. and Morita M. (2001) Compound-specific radiocarbon ages of fatty acids in marine sediments from the western North Pacific. Radiocarbon 43, 949-956. 

Neff U, Bollhofer A, Frank N, Mangini A (1999) Explaining discrepant depth profiles of " U/ U and °Thexc in Mn-crasts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63(15) 2211-2218 Nozaki Y, Cochran JK, Turekian KK, Keller G (1977) Radiocarbon and °Pb distribution in submersible-taken deep-sea cores from Project Famous. Earth Planet Sci Lett 34 167-173 Nozaki Y, Horibe Y, Tsubota H (1981) The water coluirm distributions of thorium isotopes in the western North Pacific. EarthPlanet Sci Lett 54 203-216... 

Guilderson, T.P., D.P. Schrag, M. Kashgarian, and J. Southori. 1998. Radiocarbon variability in the western equatorial Pacific inferred from a high-resolution coral record from Nauru Island. Journal of Geophysical Research, C, Oceans 103(11) 24,641-24,650. 

Williams, P. M., and E. R. M. Druffel. 1987. Radiocarbon in dissolved organic matter in the central north Pacific Ocean. Nature 330 246—248. 

Bauer, J.E., Wolgast, D.W., Druffel, E.R.M., Griffin, S., and Masiello, C.A. (1998) Distributions of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon and radiocarbon in the eastern North Pacific continental margin. Deep Sea Res. n. 45, 689-714. 

Wang, X.C., Druffel, E.R.M., and Lee, C. (1996) Radiocarbon in organic compound classes in particulate organic matter and sediments in the deep northeast Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 3583-3586. 

G. Kjellburg, and W. F. Libby Age determination of Pacific chalk ooze by radiocarbon and titanium content. Tellus 3, 222 (1951). 

Wang, X. C., DrufFel, E. R. M., Griffen, S., Lee, C., and Kashgarian, M. (1998). Radiocarbon studies of organic compound classes in plankton and sediment of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 1365-1378. 

Ahagon, N., Ohkushi, K., Uchida, M., and Mishima, T. (2003). Mid-depth circulation in the northwest Pacific during the last deglaciation Evidence from foraminiferal radiocarbon ages. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(21), doi 10.1029/2003GL018287. 

Shackleton N. J., Duplessy J.-C., Arnold M., Maurice P., Hall M. A., and Cartlidge J. (1988) Radiocarbon age of the last glacial Pacific deep water. Nature 335, 708-711. 

Sikes E. L., Samson C. R., Guilderson T. P., and Howard W. R. (2000) Old radiocarbon ages in the southwest Pacific Ocean during the Last Glacial period and deglaciation. Nature 405, 555-559. 

The turnover time and fluxes of DOC into the ocean are obtained by comparing the reservoir size and radiocarbon age. The ocean inventory of DOC is —680 Gt, and nearly all of this carbon resides in the deep sea, where concentration profiles and radiocarbon values are constant with depth. DOC ages by —1,000 yr as deep seawater moves from the Atlantic to the Pacific Basin, but even in the Atlantic, DOC radiocarbon values are significantly depleted relative to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (Druffel et al., 1992). DOC persists in seawater through several ocean... 

Masiello and Druffel (1998) measured the abundance and radiocarbon content of BC (isolated by wet chemical oxidation) in sediment cores from two deep Pacific Ocean sites. They found BC comprises 12-31% of the total sedimentary OC, and was between 2,400 yr and 13,000 yr older than non-BC sedimentary OC (Figure 5). For sediment intervals deposited prior to the Industrial era (i.e., free of BC inputs from fossil fuel utilization), the authors argue that the older ages for BC must be due to storage in an intermediate reservoir before deposition. Possible intermediate pools are oceanic DOC and terrestrial soils. They conclude that if DOC is the intermediate reservoir, then BC comprises 4-22% of the DOC pool. If soils are the intermediate reservoir, then the importance of riverine OC has been underestimated. 

Wang X.-C. and Druffel E. R. M. (2001) Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope compositions of organic compound classes in sediments from the NE Pacific and Southern Oceans. Mar. Chem. 73, 65-81. 

Williams P. M., Oeschger H., and Kinney P. (1969) Natural radiocarbon activity of dissolved organic carbon in the north-east Pacific Ocean. Nature 224, 256-259. 

Druffel E. R. M. (1981) Radiocarbon in annual coral rings from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 8(1), 59-61. 

Druffel, E.R., P.M. Williams and Y. Suzuki (1989) Concentrations and radiocarbon signatiu-es of dissolved organic matter in the Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 16, 991-4. 

Because use of mass spectrometry by chemists has increased greatly, most U.S. chemists have access to mass spectrometry facilities at their own institutions to confirm synthesis and support structure elucidations. Heavily used national centers provide more expensive instrumentation and more complex experiments. Most notably, a section of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University provides state-of-the-art Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The NSF Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory is used primarily to provide radiocarbon measurements. NIH funds a number of national mass spectrometry centers to support biomedical research, including those at Boston University and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 

Druffel, E. R. M. Griffin, S. 1993. Large variations of surface ocean radiocarbon evidence of circulation changes in the southwestern Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 20 249-20 259. 

Williams, P.M., Oeschger, H. and Kinney, P., 1969. Natural radiocarbon activity of the dissolved organic carbon in the North East Pacific Ocean. Nature, 224 256—257. Wilson, D.F., Swinnerton, J.W. and Lamontagne, R.A., 1970. Production of carbon monoxide and gaseous hydrocarbons in seawater relation to dissolved organic carbon. Science, 168 1577—1579. 

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