P scorpion toxins

P-Scorpion toxins] Scorpion venom V-Na+ CH blockers (block... 

Veratridine, batracho toxin, aconitine, grayanotoxin, p-scorpion toxins Veratridine, batrachotoxin, aconitine, grayanotoxin, p-scorpion toxins, kurtoxin Veratridine, batrachotoxin, aconitine, grayanotoxin, p-scorpion toxins Veratridine, batrachotoxin, grayanotoxin, p-scorpion toxins Veratridine, batrachotoxin, aconitine... 

Binding site 3 I S5-IS6, IV S3-S4 IV S5-S6 II S1-S2, II S3-S4 a-scorpion toxins Sea anemone toxins p-scorpion toxins Delayed inactivation... 

Binding site 4 II S1-S2, II S3-S4 p-scorpion toxins Increased activation... 

In order to further characterize the TxVIA receptor, we tested the ability of several sodium channel neurotoxins to compete with I-labeled TxVIA binding. As can be seen in Fig. 2 A, sodium channel toxins that bind to receptor sites 1 (tetrodotoxin), 3 (sea anemone toxin II), 4 (P-scorpion toxin), and 5 (brevetoxin-PbTx-1) on sodium channels do not inhibit binding of TxVIA. On the other hand, both CsTx and GPT compete with TxVIA and completely inhibit its binding in both rat and Helix membranes. Interestingly the lipid-soluble channel activator veratridine, which binds to receptor site 2 on the sodium channel, also reduces specific binding of TxVIA. The isotoxin TxVIB, and also peptide fractions from additional Conus venoms, are able to completely inhibit TxVIA binding in both Helix and rat membranes (Fig. 2A and data not shown). 

Loret EP, Menendez Soto del Valle R, Mansuelle P, Sampieri F, Rochat H. Positively charged amino acid residues located similarly in sea anemone and scorpion toxins. J Biol Chem 1994 269 16785-16788. 

Aoskl Pi4, a four disulphide bridged scorpion toxin active on K+ channels Orthochirus scrobiculosus P. imperator... 

Figure 7 Comparison of the plant defensin structures (a) Rs-AFP (PDB code 1AYJ) and (b) NaDl (PDB code 1MR4) with (c) [3-purothionin (PDB code 1BHP) reveals the structural differences between plant defensins and a/p-thionins. The plant defensin architecture resembles that of insect defensins, for example, (d) drosomycin (PDB code 1MYN) or (e) the scorpion toxin charybdotoxin (PDB code 2CRD).

Scorpion toxin (Leiurus quinquestriatus) 146 4.8 p.C /p.g 4 1 molar ratio of toxin to B-H reagent formed monoiodo toxin that retained biological activity... 

Cociancich S, Goyffon M, Bontems E Eulet P, Bouet F, Menei A, Hoffmann J, Purification and charactcittation of scorpion defensin, a 4KC>a antibacterial peptide presenting structural similarities with insect defensins and scorpion toxins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993 194 17-22. 

Scorpion toxin and target channel are tied together in evolutionary flow. A. O. Chugunov et al. Modular organization of a-toxms from scorpion venom mirrors domain structure of their targets, sodium channels. 2013. / Biol Chem. 288(26), p. 19014. DOI 10.1074/ jbc.M112.431650. 

E. D. Nosyreva, K. A. Pluzhnikov, S. P. Olesen, A. S. Areseniev, and E. V. Grishin,/. Biol. Chem., 277, 43104 (2002). New Binding Site on Common Molecular Scaffold Provides HERG Channel Specificity of Scorpion Toxin BeKm-1. 

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