P-Sabinene

Aerial parts of N. sintenisii yielded 0.3% of a clear yellowish oil. Forty constituents (96.5% of the total oil) were identified. The main components were 4aP,7a,7aP-nepetalactone (23.4%), elemol (16.1%), E- -farnesene (9.5%), 1,8-cineole (8.2%), cw-sabinene hydrate (6.5%), P-bisabolene (4.2%), germacrene-D (3.5%), P-sesquiphellandrene (2.8%), P-bourbonene (1.5%) and a-epi-cadinol (1.3%). According to available data, Nepeta species can be divided into two groups of nepetalactone-containing and nepetalactone-free species. The results of this study indicate that the compositions of volatile oil of N. sintenisii are similar to the other Nepeta genus and this plant could be classified in the group which 4aP,7a,7aP-nepetalactone is the major component of their oils. 

Gas-phase products from the reactions of ozone with the monoterpenes (-)-p-pinene and (+)-sabinene included the ketones formed by oxidative fission of the exocyclic C=C bonds as well as ozonides from the addition of ozone to this bond (Griesbaum et al. 1998). 

No reactions have been observed when methylenecyclopentane (182), methylenecyclohexane (183), or A1(7)-p-menthene (184) were submitted to photosensitized oxygenation.187 On the other hand, methylene-cycloheptane (185)1B7, jS-pinene (187)197, A4<10)-carene (190),202 and sabinene (193)205 undergo slow photosensitized oxygenation reactions giving rise to the formation of primary alcohols 186,189,191,192, and 194, respectively, after reduction of the primarily formed... 

Leaf oil p-pinene (14), sabinene (13), terpinen-4-ol (11), and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, bicycloger-macrene (29), germacrene D (12)... 

Elettaria cardamomum Maton. Yi Zhi Zi (Cluster cardamom) (seed) Phytosterol, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, p-cymene, camphene, d-limonene, myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, pinene, sabinene, terpinene, thujone, cineole, camphorm citral, linalol, citronellal, dl-bomeol, citronellol, geraniol, terpineol, sabinene.50 Carminative, emmenagogue, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Treat ague, cachexia, dyspepsis, enuresis, gastralgia, nausea, spermatorrhea. 

The remarkably efficient cyclopropanation reaction with an in-situ-generated zinc carbenoid, Eq. (61) provided a straightforward synthesis of the monoterpene sabinene (42) starting from the P-keto ester 41 [58],... 

Nutmeg Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) seed 5-16 sabinene (17-28) a-pinene (14-22) P-pinene (9-15) terpinen-4-ol (6-9) myristicin (4-8) elemicin (2) flavour, carminative, aromatherapy although the main constituents are terpenoids, most of the flavour comes from the minor aromatic constituents, myristicin, elemicin, etc myristicin is hallucinogenic (see page 385)... 

Coeur, C., Jacob, V., Denis, I. and Foster, P. (1997) Decomposition of a-Pinen and sabinen on solid sorbents, Tenax TA and Carboxen. Journal of Chromatography A, 786, 185-7. 

The curry leaf plant is highly valued for its characteristic aroma and medicinal value (Philip, 1981). A number of leaf essential oil constituents and carbazole alkaloids have been extracted from the plant (Mallavarapu et al., 1999). There are a large number of oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes present, e.g. c/s-ocimene (34.1%), a-pinene (19.1%), y-terpinene (6.7%) and P-caryophyllene (9.5%), which appear to be responsible for the intense odour associated with the stalk and flower parts of curry leaves (Onayade and Adebajo, 2000). In fresh bay leaves, 1, 8-cineole is the major component, together with a-terpinyl acetate, sabinene, a-pinene, P-pinene, P-elemene, a-terpineol, linalool and eugenol (Kilic et al., 2004). 

MONOTERPENE HYDROCARBONS AND OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS There are 15 monoterpene hydrocarbons identified so far and they are camphene, 83-carene, p-cymene, limonene, myrcene, cis-ocimene, a-phellandrene, (3-phellandrene and a- and (3-pinenes, sabinene, a- and y-terpinenes, terpinolene and a-thujene. 

Thevanmundi, Poonjaranmunda, Valiakaniak-kadan and Subhakara. Some of the newly developed cultivars are Panniyur-1, Panniyur-2, Panniyur-3 and Panniyur-4. By adopting GC and GC-MS techniques, researchers have identified over 55 compounds from the volatile oil of these pepper cultivars. The major compounds identified were a- and (3-pinene, sabinene, limonene, P-caryophyllene, myrcene, p-cymene and caryophellene oxide (Gopalakrishnan et al., 1993 Menon et al., 2000, 2002, 2003 Menon and Padmakumari, 2005). Table 2.7 illustrates this variability among different popular cultivars. 

Variety/ compound Limonene P-Pinene P-Caryophyllene Sabinene Caryophyllene oxide 8-3-Carene a-Pinene Myrcene p-Cymene Elemol... 

The sensory properties of black pepper oil obtained by steam distillation of ground peppercorns were analysed with the aid of column chromatography, high-resolution GC and GC-MS. A total of 46 compounds were identified, including (EJ-p-ocimene, 8-guaiene, (Z)(E)-farnesol, 8-cadinol and guaiol, which are reported for the first time as volatile compounds of the essential oil. Sabinene and terpinen-4-ol appeared to be the most important contributors among the volatile compounds to the characteristic odour of black pepper oil (Pino et al., 1990). 

Moyler et al. (1994) reported that C02 extract of West Indian nutmeg contained sabinene (20.7%), oc-pinene (6.4%), P-pinene (5.5%), limonene (2.8%) and elemicin (3.1%) as major components. 

Nutmeg oil from Papua New Guinea contained a-pinene (22.6%), sabinene (15.8%), P-pinene (15.2%) and myristicin (13.2%) as the chief constituents (Wossa et al., 2004). Sait and Satyaputra (1995) reported that deterpenation of nutmeg oils resulted in lowering of the medicinal quality of the oil due to increase in myristicin concentration. 

Essential oil distilled from the ethnolic extract of nutmeg contained a relatively higher content of terpinen-4-ol, elemicin and myristicin and a lower content of sabinene and pinene compared with the steam-distilled oil (Borges and Pino, 1993). Zhu et al. (1995) reported that nutmeg oil from Guangdong, China, contained 27.63% a-pinene, 26.84% sabinene, 15.52% P-pinene and 7.39% myr-isticine besides the minor constituents. 

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