P acids

Composition of Indicator Solution p/ Acid Alkaline Notes... 

Naphthalenesulfonic Acid. The sulfonation of naphthalene with excess 96 wt % sulfuric acid at < 80°C gives > 85 wt % 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (a-acid) the balance is mainly the 2-isomer (P-acid). An older German commercial process is based on the reaction of naphthalene with 96 wt % sulfuric acid at 20—50°C (13). The product can be used unpurifted to make dyestuff intermediates by nitration or can be sulfonated further. The sodium salt of 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid is required, for example, for the conversion of 1-naphthalenol (1-naphthol) by caustic fusion. In this case, the excess sulfuric acid first is separated by the addition of lime and is filtered to remove the insoluble calcium sulfate the filtrate is treated with sodium carbonate to precipitate calcium carbonate and leave the sodium l-naphthalenesulfonate/7J(9-/4-J7 in solution. The dry salt then is recovered, typically, by spray-drying the solution. 

By far the most important constituents of hops are the bitter substances, humulones (a-acids), lupulones (P-acids), and then oxidation products. 

Bell. R.P. Acid-Base Catalysis Oxford University Press London, 1941 p 3. 

HO.C6H4.S03H, mw 174.17. Three of these acids are known, o-, m-, and p-, but only two of them, o- and p- acids form during the sulfonation of phenol in the manuf of PA by the phenolic process. The formation of small quantities of the m-acid was reported, but not definitely proven... 

Long, F. A. Ballinger, P, Acid ionization constants of alcohols in the solvents water and deuterium oxide, in Pesce, B. (ed.), Electrolytes, Pergamon Press, New York, 1962, pp. 152-164. 

The product is almost exclusively sodium o-hydroxybenzoate (salicylate, 71) only traces of the p-isomer being obtained if, however, the reaction is carried out on potassium phenoxide the salt of the p-acid becomes the major product. It has been suggested that the preferential o-attack with sodium phenoxide may result from stabilisation of the T.S. (72) through chelation by NaP in the ion pair ... 

Bell, R. P., Acid-Base Catalysis, p. 3, Oxford University Press, Oxford, copyright 1941. Reprinted with permission. 

Das, G. K. Acharya, S. Anand, S. Das, R. P. Acid pressure leaching of nickel-containing chromite over burden in the presence of additives. Hydrometallurgy 1995, 39, 117-128. 

Arable field boundaries, Finland Negative (linear) Soil extractable P (acid-ammonium-acetate) 2.95-12.21 mg L 1 Ma (2005)... 

Pl. Plaquet, P., Biserte, G., and Boulanger, P., Acides amines et polypeptides des milieux biologiques. 8. Formes combinees de proline, dhydroxyproline et de glycocoDe de l urine humaine. Bull. soc. chim. biol. 42, 393-406 (1960). 

Rl. Rangier, M., and de Traverse, P., Acide glycuronique urinaire et urochrome. Compt. rend. acad. sci. 208, 1345-1347 (1939). 

Hook molecule, 16 264, 265 Hop a-acids, 3 570-571 Hopane, marker in bioremediation of oil spills, 3 788-789 Hop P-acids, 3 570-571 Hope diamond, 7 336 6 524 Hop essential oils, 3 572 Hopper dryers, 9 123-124 Hopper scales, 26 244, 246 design considerations for,... 

Because the three-electron-bonded radicals are formed at the cost of the removal of the nitrogen p-electron, such cation-radicals should be considered as p-acids. Of course, the formation and behavior of these p-acids have to be dependent on steric factors. Works by Tomilin et al. (1996, 2000), Bietti et al. (1998), Dombrowski et al. (2005), and Yu et al. (2007) should be mentioned as describing stereoelectronic requirements to formations and configurational equilibria of A-alkyl-substituted cation-radicals. 

Howells, G.P. Acid Rain and Acid Waters, 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle Rivei, NJ, 1995. 

Area % Pl PO Area % P-Acid Area % Latanoprost Area % 5,6-trans... 

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