Ozone synthesis

As early as 1908 Warburg and Leithaeuser reported that ozone concentrations and 

Salge and coworkers have measured the local ozone distribution within the 

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Ozone rate constants, 27 771 Ozone reactions activation of, 27 779 kinetics and mechanism of, 27 778-779 Ozone resistance, of ethylene-propylene polymers, 10 704, 717 Ozone synthesis, energy requirements for, 27 798... 

Ripperton, L. A., and D. Lillian. The effect of water vapor on ozone synthesis in the photo-oxidation of alpha-pinene. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 21 629-635, 1971. 

Ozone synthesis by mercury (3Pf) photosensitization was first reported by Dickinson and Sherrill (24). They reported that at least 7 molecules of ozone are formed for each mercury atom passing through the reaction zone. Subsequently, Volman (91) found that at least 40 molecules of ozone could be formed for each mercury atom and still later reported a value of 60, (92). The above studies were made in flowing systems at atmospheric pressure. Callear et al. (18) have investigated the reaction by photometeric and thermal methods in a static system at pressures of 200 mm. or less. A quantum yield of 0.14 was reported, and evidence that oxygen was not removed by reaction with Hg(3P1) atoms and that mercury was removed by a dark reaction with ozone was obtained. In all of the above studies mercuric oxide was always formed. 

Fig. 13. Electrochemical cell for ozone synthesis using the HBF4/glassy carbon route. (Adapted from [66]).

Experimental Data on Kinetics of Ozone Synthesis in Gaseous Discharges... 

A calorimetric method was also used by Susz 60), but was so tedious that he abandoned it for the three ammeter method without, however, citing data to compare the results of the two methods. The data he cites for ozone synthesis appear to relate to power measured by the latter method, which gives erroneous values for any load of variable impedance such as an ozonizer discharge for the most part they relate to... 

The data of Henry (3/) are the simplest to analyze they relate to initial rates of ozone synthesis at p = 2.4 mm. Hg and mainly to positive column reaction because the rate of synthesis in the negative zones (cathode surface to Faraday dark space-positive column boundary) was relatively negligible. The cross section of the tube was about 0.8 cm.2, and hence the current density was about 1.25 I ma. cm. 2. Judged by the rough sketch given, the positive column was about 10 cm. long. 

Formal Theory of Discharge Reaction and Mechanisms of Ozone Synthesis... 

For the conditions in a uniform positive column, which appears to be the important zone for ozone synthesis, 8, the rate coefficient of any specified kind of electron-reactant collision occurring at the rate... 

The kind of reaction mechanism that may occur in uniform positive column discharges can be perceived in broad outline, but many auxiliary data are lacking to present a quantitative expression in forms convenient and precise for comparison with experiment and the experimental data for ozone synthesis in discharges are inadequate to describe correspondingly precisely the electrical state of the gas in which synthesis has been observed. 

Yamashita, M., Sugiura, M., Oshikawa, T., and Inokawa, S., Synthesis of dimethyl (1-nitromethyl-alky l)phosphonates and their conversion to dimethyl (1-formylalkylphosphonates by oxidation with ozone. Synthesis, 62, 1987. 

Siemens s ozonizer has since been successfully used in ozone synthesis in many industrial fields over 140 years without major modifications. 

Eliasson, B. Hirth. M. and Kogcischatz, U. Ozone synthesis from oxygen in dielectric barrier discharges / Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 1987,20, 1421-1437... 

A. Dissociation of molecular oxygen. This process is mostly investigated in strongly nonequilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma conditions in relation to ozone synthesis (Section 6.5). Here we discuss the characteristics of thermal plasma decomposition of molecular... 

The contribution of N2 for O3 synthesis is mostly due to atomic nitrogen and electronically excited nitrogen molectrles. Atomic nitrogen leads to ozone synthesis (in recombination like (6-66)) by means of the intermediate formation of oxygen atoms in exothermic reactions ... 

Negative Effect of Water Vapor on Plasma-Chemical Ozone Synthesis... 

The negative effect of the admixture of hydrocarbons on ozone synthesis is also partially due to the formation of OH and HO2 radicals with the chain mechanism (6-82), (6-83). The major effect of hydrocarbons, however, is related to trapping of oxygen atoms by the hydrocarbon molecules ... 

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