Oxygen process steel production

Steel production Steelmaking can be performed according to two main routes, to which reference can be made as based on the basic oxygen converter and the electric steel process, respectively. The basic oxygen converter... 

Pitch is used as a bond in non-fired products (see also the following section). Mixes of ground clinker and 5 —8 wt. % pitch arc prepared in hot steel mixers and formed under 70—150 MPa pressure. In this form (possibly after tempering to about 300 C to remove volatile components of pitch), bricks are applied to linings of the furnaces (converters) for steelmaking by basic oxygen process (BOP). 

Use Blast furnaces copper smelting steel production (basic oxygen converter process) manufacture of synthesis gas for production of ammonia, methyl alcohol, acetylene, etc. oxidizer for liquid rocket propellants resuscitation, heart stimulant decompression chambers spacecraft chemical intermediate to replace air in oxidation of municipal and industrial organic wastes to counteract effect of eutrophication in lakes and reservoirs coal gasification. 

Whereas the production of iron is basically a reduction process (converting iron oxides to metallic iron), the conversion of iron to steel is essentially an oxidation process in which the unwanted impurities are removed from the iron by reaction with oxygen gas. One of several methods used in steehnaking is the basic oxygen process. Because of its ease of operation and the relatively short time (about 20 minutes) required for each large-scale (hundreds of tons) conversion, the basic oxygen process is by far the most common means of producing steel today. 

The production of iron from its ore is fundamentally a reduction process, but the conversion of iron to steel is basically an oxidation process in which unwanted impurities are eliminated. Oxidation is carried out in various ways, but the two most common are the open hearth process and the basic oxygen process. 

Iron can be converted into steel by the Bessemer, Siemens electric arc or basic oxygen processes. The Bessemer process was the first to be patented, but the electric arc (see below) and basic oxygen processes are used in modern steel production. In the basic oxygen process, O2 oxidizes the carbon in pig iron, reducing its content to the levels required for commercial steel (see main text). 

In the basic oxygen process for steel production (Figure 18.5b), pure oxygen is blown into molten iron through a refractory tube, which is pushed below... 

Recycl Blacks. The pyrolysis of carbon black containing rubber goods has been promoted as a solution to the accumulation of waste tires. In the processes in question, tires are pyrolyzed in the absence of oxygen, usually in indirect fired rotary kiln-type units. The mbber and extender oils are cracked to hydrocarbons which are collected and sold as fuels or petrochemical feedstocks. The gaseous pyrolysis products are burned as fuel for the process. Steel tire cord is removed magnetically and the remainder of the residue is milled into a pyrolysis black. This contains the carbon black, silica, and other metal oxides from the rubber and some newly created char. Typically these materials have 8-10% ash, and contain... 

In the description above, we focused on steel production in a blast furnace or by the basic oxygen process using iron ore, limestone and coke as raw materials. In contrast, the electric... 

Oxygen O2 Oxidation processes, iron and steel production, welding, paper industry —... 

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