Oxygen injectors

L-D [Linz, Austria and either Dusenverfahren (nozzle process), or Donawitz, the other Austrian town where it was developed] A basic steelmaking process in which oxygen is used instead of air to remove most of the carbon from the molten pig iron. Developed in Austria by the Vereinigte Osterreichisch Eisen und Stahlwerke of Linz, and Osterreichisch Alpine of Donawitz, in the 1930s and 40s commercialized in 1952, and now widely adopted. The furnace is essentially a Bessemer converter, modified with a water-cooled oxygen injector. See also Bessemer. 

Relocation of Feed Ports in-between Oxygen Injectors... 

Fig. 2.43 The OXYMIX oxygen injector (Linde) and the O2 concentration Oj concentration in the process air is calculated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method.

Figure 14.12 Schematic diagram of the Refomiulyser system Inj, split injector Cl, polar capillary column C2, packed column to retain the alcohols C3, packed Porapak column for the separation of the oxygenates C4, non-polar capillary column C5, packed 13X column A/E cap, Tenax trap to retain the ar omatics Olf. trap, cap to retain the olefins Pt, olefins hydrogenatOT A cap, cap to retain the -alkanes FID, flame-ionization detector.

Such tight mixture control is beyond the capability of the traditional carburetor. Consequently, after sorting through a number of alternatives, industry has settled on closed-loop-controlled port-fuel injection. Typically, an electronically controlled fuel injector is mounted in the intake port to each cylinder. A sensor in the air intake system tells an onboard computer what the airdow rate is, and the computer tells the fuel injectors how much fuel to inject for a stoichiometric ratio. An oxygen sensor checks the oxygen content in the exliaust stream and tells the computer to make a correction if the air/fuel ratio has drifted outside the desired range. This closed-loop control avoids unnecessary use ot an inefficient rich mixture during vehicle cruise. 

NOTE Where samples for DO analysis are taken from a deaerator storage compartment, it should be remembered that a chemical oxygen scavenger is typically added to this compartment (usually via an injector quill located below the water line). It may take several hours for this chemical to be diluted out of the tank. 

GC-TEA Analysis. A Bendix model 2200 GC and Thermo Electron model 502 TEA were used. The GC injector temperature was 210 C. The TEA pyrolysis furnace was operated at 450 C and the cold trap was held at -150 C in isopentane slush. Oxygen flow to the ozonator was 20 cc/min and indicated pressure was 1.5 torr at a helium flow rate of 20 cc/min. TEA output was processed by a digital integrator (Spectra Physics System I). 

Inhalation Hold breath and don respiratory protection mask administer immediately, in rapid succession, all three Nerve Agent Antidote Kits, Mark I injectors if severe signs of agent exposure appear use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when approved mask-bag or oxygen delivery systems are... 

Type of top-blown injector gas -oxygen, air Keogh et al. (1991) Zhang and Oeters (1993a,b)... 

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