Oxoacid formulae

For an element in its highest oxidation number (and sometimes others), it is possible to predict the formula of its orthoacid from coordination number considerations. The condensed oxoacid formulae are then easily derived by subtracting the appropriate number of water molecules. 

Likewise addition of SO3 to FI202, H2S and H2S generates the formulae of the other oxoacids as follows ... 

An inorganic acid has a formula that typically begins with H oxoacids have formulas that begin with H and end in O. We distinguish between binary hydrides, such as HX, which are not named as acids, and their aqueous solutions, HX(aq), which are. 

U 1 Name ions, binary inorganic compounds, oxoacids, compounds with common polyatomic ions, and hydrates, and write their formulas (Toolboxes D.l and D.2, Self-Test D.l, and Examples D.l, D.2, and D.3). 

H3 PO4, for example, there are three O—H bonds but no H—P bond. This exception to Guideline d arises because of the convention of listing acidic hydrogen atoms first in the formula of an oxoacid, as we describe in Chapter 17. 

We identify acids by recognizing the formulas of oxoacids, carboxylic acids, or one of the few other... 

To name an acid, look at the formula and decide whether the compound is an oxoacid. If so, the name must reflect the number of oxygen atoms, according to Table 2.4. If the compound is not an oxoacid, it is named using the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic acid. 

Oxoacids, such as H2C03, HN03, H2S04, and HCIO, have the general formula H YO, , where Y is a nonmetallic atom, such as C, N, S, or Cl, and n and m are integers. The atom Y is always bonded to one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups and can be bonded, in addition, to one or more oxygen atoms ... 

Oxidation State Oxoacids of the Halogens Generic Name (formula) Chlorine Bromine Iodine... 

The P(III) oxoacids phosphorous acid H3P03 does not have the structure P(OH)3 that its formula... 

There are two main kinds of acids binary acids and oxoacids. A binary acid is composed of two elements hydrogen and a non-metal. Two examples of binary acids are hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid. All binary acids have the general formula HX(aq). The H represents one or more hydrogen atoms. The X represents the non-metal. As you can see in Table 10.6, the names of binary acids are made up of the following parts ... 

The strength of oxoacids with a given central element X increases with the number of lone oxygen atoms attached to the central atom. If the formula of these acids is written as XO (OH) the corresponding acid strengths fall into distinct classes according to the value of n, the number of lone oxygen atoms (see... 

A ternary compound consists of three elements. Ternary acids (oxoacids) are compounds of hydrogen, oxygen, and (usually) a nonmetal. Nonmetals that exhibit more than one oxidation state form more than one ternary acid. These ternary acids differ in the number of oxygen atoms they contain. The suffixes -ous and -ic following the stem name of the central element indicate lower and higher oxidation states, respectively. One common ternary acid of each nonmetal is (somewhat arbitrarily) designated as the -ic acid. That is, it is named by putting the element stem before the -ic suffix. The common ternary -ic acids are shown in Table 4-16. It is important to learn the names and formulas of these acids, because the names of all other ternary acids and salts are derived from them. There are no common -ic ternary acids for the omitted nonmetals. 

Most ternary acids are hydroxyl compounds of nonmetals (oxoacids) that ionize to produce H+(aq). The formula for nitric acid is commonly written HNO3 to emphasize the presence of an acidic hydrogen atom, but it could also be written as HONO2, as its structure shows (see margin). 

The acid strength of nonmetal hydrides increases towards the right and to the bottom of the periodic table. Acid strengths of oxoacids can be predicted approximately from their formulae by Pauling s rules. Metal cations with polarizing character are acidic in water, and some form amphoteric oxides or hydroxides. 

The P111 oxoacid phosphorous acid H3P03 does not have the structure P(OH)3 that its formula suggests, but is tetrahedral with a PH bond HPO(OH)2. It is thus diprotic with a similar pA j to phosphoric acid. The trend is continued with hypophosphorous acid H2PO(OH). Both acids are strong reducing agents. 

Oxyacids (often called oxoacids) are molecular substances that have the general formula H XbOc. In other words, they contain hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element represented by X the a, b, and c represent subscripts. The most common oxyacids in the chemical laboratory are nitric acid, HNO3, and sulfuric acid, H2SO4. 

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