Oxids of antimony

Antimony trioxid—Antimonous anhydrid—Oxid of antimony —Antimonii oxidum (U. S. Br.)—SbaOs—388—occurs in nature and is prepared artificially by decomposing the oxychlorid or by heating Sb in air. 

It is an amorphous, insoluble, tasteless, odorless powder white at ordinary temperatures, but yellow when heated. It fuses readily, and may be distilled in absence of oxygen. Heated in air, it burns like tinder, and is converted into SbaOi. 

It is reduced, with separation of Sb, when heated with charcoal, or in H. It is also readily oxidized by HNOi, or potassium permanganate. It dissolves in HCl as SbCls in Nordhausen sulfuric acid, from which solution brilliant crystalline plates of antimonyl pyrosulfate, (Sb0)jSa07, separate and in solutions of tartaric acid, and of hydropotassic tartrate (see tartar emetic).. 

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Catalysts used for preparing amines from alcohols iaclude cobalt promoted with tirconium, lanthanum, cerium, or uranium (52) the metals and oxides of nickel, cobalt, and/or copper (53,54,56,60,61) metal oxides of antimony, tin, and manganese on alumina support (55) copper, nickel, and a metal belonging to the platinum group 8—10 (57) copper formate (58) nickel promoted with chromium and/or iron on alumina support (53,59) and cobalt, copper, and either iron, 2iac, or zirconium (62). 

Some compounds of antimony appear to involve the +4 oxidation state. For example, an oxide of antimony is known that has the formula Sb204, but this oxide actually contains equal numbers of Sb(III) and Sb(V) atoms. The chloride complex Sb2Cl102 also contains Sb(III) and Sb(V) rather than Sb(IV). 

Belzile, N., Chen, Y.W., Wang, Z.J., 2001. Oxidation of antimony (III) by amorphous iron and manganese oxy hydroxides. Chemical Geology, 174, 379-389. 

The hydrated oxide is prepared by hydrolysis of antimony pentachloride or by acidification of potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V), KSb(OH)6 [12208-13-8]. The product, filtered and air dried at ambient temperature has approximate composition 86205 3.5H2O. It may be also prepared by oxidation of antimony trioxide with nitric acid. 

Impubities.—rhosphorus is rarely adulterated, and the only impurities contained in it are those derived from the acid used in its preparation. Dumas considers flexibility as a characteristic of good phosphorus. Occasionally arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and some other metals have boon found in it. If the acid used contained arsenioua acid, or an oxide of antimony, these are reduced in the process of manufacture of phosphorus, and are found in it in the metallic state. A solution of phosphorus in dilute nitrio acid should give no precipitate with sulphide of hydrogen, and the precipitate procured by a barytic salt should be entirely soluble in excess of nitric acid, proving the absence of sulphur. If arsenic is present, the solution in nitrio acid deposits a black precipitate of metallic arsenic when submitted to evaporation. 

Transparent anil opaque colors or enamels are used with equal effect upon a white and almost opaque ground, suck as porcelain. Transparent colors are rendered opaque, by the addition of oxide of tin and oxide of aino is used for enlivening tbo different tints, a proporty peculiar to the oxide of that metal, and the effect of which is greatly enhanced by tho fact that it imparts no color to the glass it also Improves the sulphur-yellow colors of the oxide of antimony. 

Potasso-tartrate of Antimony—KO, SbO, C8 H4 Ojg, IIO—is extensively used in medicine under the name of tartar emetic. Throe parts of oxide of antimony arc made into a thin paste with water, and. mixed with. four parts of bitartrate of potassa., The. mixture is digestad for several hours, and then boiled with eight parts of water. The boiling-hot solution is filtered and allowed to crystallize. Transpareat or opaque, colorless, shining rhombic octahedra, of metallic taste. It is soluble in fifteen parts of cold aud two of boiling water. In small doses. it is an emetic in larger doses it is a poison., ... 

Of the heavy metals, iron is the only one which pre- cip States antimony completely from the aqueous solution of tartar emetics. - Hydrochloric, nitric, and sulphuric acids precipitate a basic hydrochloyata, nitrate, and sulphate of the oxide of antimony, - ... 

Oxides.—Amongst the simple oxides may be classed —oxide of chromium, oxide of iron, oxide of uranium, oxide of manganese, oxide of zinc, oxide of cobalt, oxide of antimony, oxide of copper, oxide of tin. 

Further residual metal oxides from catalysts used for polymer synthesis, e.g. poly-terephthalic acid diol ester, are oxides of antimony, gallium, germanium, cobalt, man-... 

Antimony pentoxide (AS2O5) is a yellowish, crystalline solid that is always somewhat hydrated. There is no satisfactory evidence for the existence of an anhydrous form of antimony pentoxide. Antimony pentoxide is produced commercially by oxidation of antimony trioxide with nitrates or peroxides ... 

In our first approach, a nonradioactive, representative fission-product mixture was prepared, consisting of equal masses of the desired elements. An ammonium hydroxide solution was used to dissolve molybdenum trioxide, M0O3 this solution was added to an aqueous solution containing the nitrates of cerium, palladium, and rhodium. The resulting mixture was calcined at 500°C for 17 hours, then at 550°C for an additional seven hours. The solids from the calcination were powdered and added to a blended mixture consisting of the oxides of antimony, ruthenium, samarium, strontium, yttrium, and zirconium. Cesium was then added as cesium iodide niobium was added as potassium hexaniobate,... 

The final representative fission-product mixture is therefore believed to consist of the oxides of antimony, cerium,... 

Russian workers have looked at acoustic waves produced during the electrochemical oxidation of antimony [ 147], almost a reverse application of sonoelectrochemistry. Antimony was anodized in aqueous H3B03 solutions galvanostatically (2.2 x 1(T3 A/cm2) and isothermally (292 K). The formation voltage increased to >200 V with time, which is characteristic of the valve metals. Acoustic waves were observed in this electrochemical oxidation with amplitudes that did not differ essentially from the very beginning of the oxidation. The energy of the acoustic wave had only one sharply distinct peak which coincided in time with the appearance of the electrochemical breakdown products. 

Pour the sulphuric acid into a retort, gradually adding the muriate of soda, and oxide of antimony, previously mixed. Then perform the distillation in a sand bath. Expose the distilled matter for several days to the air, that it may deliquesce, and then pour the liquor from the feces. 

Take of Compound extract of colocynth, a drachm and a half. Oxide of antimony, half a drachm. 

Metal ions forming chloride complexes which give the same reactions as Sb(V) with RB interfere in the determination. These are Au(III), Tl(III). Ga(III), and Fe(III). Gold can be separated after reduction to the element with sulphite. Gallium and iron can be separated by extraction as chloride complexes before the oxidation of antimony to Sb(V). Small amounts of Fe(III) are masked with phosphoric acid. 

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