Oxide Morphology and Chemistry

Some of the Most Commonly Used Chromic-Sulfuric Etching Processes ) 

FIGURE 2. FPL 2024 aluminum surface (a) high-resolution stereo electron micrograph (b) isometric drawing. (From Reference 9.) 

The denser oxide formed by CAA treatments offers less interlocking potential than PAA oxides. Nonetheless, primers have been shown to penetrate pores.(7) In addition, because the morphology of the outer surface of the oxide is strongly dependent on the process steps used just 

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In the following sections, we first discuss briefly some of the analytical techniques used in the study of adherend surface preparation. Aluminum adherend preparations are discussed next in Section 2 and titanium adherends in Section 3, including processing, oxide morphology and chemistry, and bond durability. Section 4 contains a discussion of the preparations that have been used with steel adherends to improve surface morphology for bonding. 

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