Crystal structures oxides

Several isovalent ions form solid solutions with KTP (Table II), showing that this structure is relatively tolerant, with respect to isovalent impurities, as are the traditional nonlinear optical oxide crystal structures. But due to the relatively limited range of nonstoichiometry in KTP, aliovalent impurities, such as divalent Ba, Sr and Ca introduced through ion exchange in nitrate melts, which substitute on the K site, are incorporated at concentrations less than one mole percent.(36) Typical impurity concentrations present in flux and hydrothermally grown KTP are shown in Table ID. 

Wadsley A.D. Crystal chemistry of non-stoichiometric pentavalent vanadium oxides crystal structure of Li ,V 0. ActaCryst. 1957 10 261-67. 

Coutouli-Argyropoulou E, Malamidou-Xenikaki E et al (1990) Formation of oxadiazolo [4,5-a]indolines via addition reactions of cycloalkano[b]indoles with nitrile oxides. Crystal structure of an adduct. J Heterocycl Chem 27 1185-1189... 

High-temperature corrosion in metals has been studied in order to understand reaction rates, rate-limiting steps, reaction mechanisms, metal oxide crystal structure, oxide composition, and oxide microstructure and morphology. 

Oxide Crystal structure Melting Boiling or point decomposition (°C) temperature (°C) Molar volume (cm mol " ) PB Thermal expansion coefficient xlO Rqd... 

Figure 10.6 schematically shows idealized lattice structures for continuous n-type and p-type oxide semiconductors containing point defects, such as interstitial cations, cation vacancies, and electron holes. For convenience, the metal is treated as a divalent element. The electron hole is a positive mobile electronic carrier in the valence band in an oxide crystal structure. 

Geometric Structure of Oxide Surfaces 231 Table 15.1 Most common oxide crystal structures and examples. 

For rutile, as a more complex oxide crystal structure, STM of TiO2(110) (Figure 15.23b) reveals also the occurrence of monoatomic steps only however, in this case, several different step directions and step terminations are possible [104]. 

Here, Nq is the average observed coordination number in a large number of oxide crystal structures [1], and the same formula can be used to calculate the Lewis acid strength (5a) of cations (cf. Eq. 7 in chapter Bond Valence Theory of this volume). 5a and 5b take into account both the valence and size of atoms, providing an expectation value for individual bond valences. According to the valence matching rule, the most stable stractures are formed when the 5a and 5b values of the cations and anions are similar (see Eq. 9 in chapter Bond Valence Theory of this volume). 

Higham LJ, Clarke EF, Miiller-Bunz H, GiUieany DG (2005) P-chirogenic phosphines MOP/ DiPAMP hybrids, their oxide crystal structures, reduction smdies and alternative syntheses. J Organomet Chem 690 211-219... 

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