Oxide cathodes LiCoO

After the success of the Li-Ion battery, the research for cathode-active materials has been concentrating on Uthinm-containing first-row transition-metals oxide with 4 V-class high electromotive force, because it can serve as a Uthium source to a carbon-negative electrode. Unfortunately, all 4 V-cIass rechargeable cathodes, LiCoO, LiNiOj, and LiMn O, have the essential problans of cost and environmental impact, because these cathodes commonly include rare metals as redox center. As shown in Table 9.1, these problems become serious especially for LiCoO along with the further rapid growth of the market for electric vehicles expected in the near future. 

Transition metal oxides as cathode, LiCoO US 4,302,518 (1980/3/31) J.B. Goodenough United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority... 

There have been many attempts to improve both cycle life and safety of LiCoO using Co-Ni, Mn-Co, and mixed oxides. Recently, the combmadon of manganese, cobalt, ad nickel as LiMn, Co, Ni, Oj mixed oxide (referred to as LSM) has attracted a great deal of interest from researchers in cathode materials for lithium and L1B, from the viewpoints of reduced cobalt consumption and increased capacity. 

Fig. 13.30 Isothermal magnetization curves of LiCoo.75Bo.25O2 cathode material. The saturation moment is due to Ni clusters (60 ppm of Ni) that come from the Ni impurities in commercial cobalt oxide (<0.4 %)...

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