Oxidative stress antioxidant defense against

Scapagnini G, Colombrita C, Amadio M, D Agata V, Arcelli E, Sapienza M, Quattrona A, Calabrese Y. 2006. Curcumin activates defensive genes and protects neurons against oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 8 395-403. 

The Organization of Antioxidant Defense Against Oxidative Stress... 

Polle, A., Defense against photooxidative damage in plants, in Oxidative Stress and the Molecular Biology of Antioxidant Defenses, Scandalios, J.G., Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 1997, 623. 

Ishii et al., 2000]. Since the expression of a wide array of protective antioxidant genes are positively regulated by the ARE sequence, Nrf2 may serve as a regulator of ARE-driven cellular defense systems against oxidative stress induced by dietary isoflavones [Mann et al., 2007 Siow et al., 2007]. 

Oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species has been called oxidative stress . Biological systems contain powerful enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms, and oxidative stress denotes a shift in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in favor of the former (1). Reactive oxygen species are important mediators of several forms of cell damage in parasites and this discussion will focus on the defense mechanisms of parasites against these species. 

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