Oxidative biodegradation

Doris, A. Bianco, Oxidative biodegradation of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Nanoscale, vol. 3, pp. 893-896, 2011. 

The population of microorganisms should be adequately large to oxidize biodegradable organics. The dilution water must, therefore, be seeded, especially in the BOD determination of such organic-rich polluted water. 

Compared with plant and other peroxidases, white-rot fungal peroxidases are characterized by their high redox potential, related to the architecture of the heme environment (see Chap. 4). This is required to perform their role in nature, namely the oxidative biodegradation of the recalcitrant lignin polymer present in the cell wall of all vascular plants [30-32], By contrast, one of the roles of plant peroxidases... 

Amitai, G., Adani, R., Sod-Moriah, I., Rabinovitz, A., Vincze, H., Leader, H., Chefetz, B., Leibovitz-Persky, L., Friesem, D., Hadar, Y. (1998). Oxidative biodegradation of phosphorothiolates by tlmgal laccase. FEES Lett. 438 195-200. 

Applications currently promoted for oxidatively biodegradable plastics include, landfill covers and bags for landfill disposal, agricultural film and a route to alleviate litter. They do not currently meet compost bag use. 

A kinetic trap that is no longer charged with hydrocarbons will loose its accumulated hydrocarbons in time. In addition, when the geological and associated hydrodynamic conditions are stable, a hydrocarbon accumulation may be destroyed by diffusion or by removal of hydrocarbons in aqueous solution. Changes in the chemical composition of accumulated hydrocarbons may result from inorganic oxidation, biodegradation and water washing. 

C Crestini, DS Argyropoulos. The early oxidative biodegradation steps of residual kraft lignin models with laccase. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 6(11) 2161-2169, 1998. 

Abstract Over 30 000 chemicals are used in commercial quanhhes and very few of these chemicals have experimental data on their environmental degradability/persistence. This chapter reviews databases which can be searched for persistence informahon and what to do when the chemical of interest does not have any data. Two general approaches are suggested (1) identify chemicals that are similar in structme and have persistence data or (2) use general quantitative structure-degradation relationships (QSDR) models. It is concluded that estimation methods are available for the most important degradation processes atmospheric oxidation, biodegradation, and hydrolysis. 

Figure 19.1. Schematic view of the reductive and oxidative biodegradation pathway for chloroethenes.

Down-gradient the cathode, hydrogen is available as an electron donor for reductive degradation processes, whereas at the anode, oxygen is provided for oxidative biodegradation. 

Jeong B, Lee DS, Shon J-i, Bae YH, Kim SW. Thermoreversible gelation of poly(ethylene oxide) biodegradable polyester block copolymers. J Polym Sci A 1999 37 751-760. 

Schubert, M. A., Wiggins, M. J., Schaefer, M. R, Hiltner, A. Anderson, J. M. (1995) Oxidative biodegradation mechanisms of biaxially strained poly(etherurethane urea) elastomers. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 29, 337—347. 

Lohner ST, Becker D, Mangold K-M, Tiehm A (2011) Sequential reductive and oxidative biodegradation of chloroethenes stimulated in a coupled bioelectro-process. Environ Sci Technol 45 6491-6497... 

Although the number of aroma compounds derived from acyclic carotenoids is much inferior to that of the mono- and bicyclic compounds, some of them can also be considered as breakdown products from genuine mono-, sesqui- and diterpenoids. The importance of the aliphatic isoprenoids (282) to (291) in the formation of total flavors of certain foodstuffs is not less than that of the cyclic compounds, the three methyl ketones (282), (287) and (290) which are related to the main tomato pigment lycopene were observed in tomato flavor (75). The hexahydro derivative (291) from coffee (595), jasmine oil (722) and green tea 438) is perceived as flowery and warm and can be considered as an oxidative biodegradation product of phytol and phyta-diene. 6-Methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one (283), with a grassy and cinnamonlike aroma 438) [detected in tomato 668), the essential oil of Hama-metis leaves 383), Ceylon tea (722) and passion fruit (777)], and pseudo-ionone (288) [also isolated from passion fruit (777)] are believed to be formed from two different dehydrolycopenes. Compounds other than carotenoids, such as solanesol or squalene, can also be considered... 

The two ethyl-homologous carbonyl compounds (286) and (289) have so far only been found in tea oil (49J). The possibility that 5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-one (286) originates from the metabolism of a monocyclic monoterpene cannot be excluded (49J), although this ketone seems more likely to be formed by oxidative biodegradation of the sitosterol side chain. Thus, for instance, all the aroma compounds (282) to (291) listed here except (286) and (289) were detected in tobacco oil (777, J42, 306, 463, 590). 

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