Oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons

Whereas this reaction was used to oxidize ethylene (qv) to acetaldehyde (qv), which in turn was oxidized to acetic acid, the direct carbonylation of methanol (qv) to acetic acid has largely replaced the Wacker process industrially (see Acetic acid and derivatives). A large number of other oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons by oxygen involve coordination compounds as detailed elsewhere (25). 

The release and uptake of oxygen without essentially changing the basic bulk structure of the oxides are desirable in catalysis (Gai 1993) and efforts are in progress to use these oxides as catalysts in selective oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons. 

The photo-oxidation of n-butane has been modelled by ab initio and DFT computational methods, in which the key role of 1- and 2-butoxyl radicals was confirmed.52 These radicals, formed from the reaction of the corresponding butyl radicals with molecular oxygen, account for the formation of the major oxidation products including hydrocarbons, peroxides, aldehydes, and peroxyaldehydes. The differing behaviour of n-pentane and cyclopentane towards autoignition at 873 K has been found to depend on the relative concentrations of resonance-stabilized radicals in the reaction medium.53 The manganese-mediated oxidation of dihydroanthracene to anthracene has been reported via hydrogen atom abstraction.54 The oxidation reactions of hydrocarbon radicals and their OH adducts are reported.55... 

Oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons have a typical course. From the low rates, the reaction accelerates successively due to the consecutive formation of another source of free radicals which increases the rate of the primary initiation reaction. The amplification of the number of reactive free radicals is caused mainly by the decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides, dialkyl and diacyl peroxides and peracids which are formed as intermediates in the oxidation reaction. 

O2 and 1% 1-butene in Ar. Due, however, to the high concentration of 1-butene in their system and in view of the fact that oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons have been shown to oscillate[7,8], their experimental results are very difficult to interpret and analyze. 

Over the last several years, considerable research has been done on using zeolite hosts for examining oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons, using O2 as the oxidant. 

In heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reactions, one of the problems encountered in the first publication was the fact that only relatively large thermal signals could be detected. This problem was solved by the work of Holzwarth et al. [18], who used a background subtraction technique to reduce the detection limit to differences of about 0.1 K. With this set-up it was possible to analyze the activity of several metal-doped, amorphous, mixed metal oxides in total oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons. 

We performed gas phase photocatalytic oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons by flowing a known mixture of heated humid air with organic vapor through an annular reactor (25). We used nanostructured TiOj coated using flame aerosol technique at optimized process conditions, which enabled us to achieve higher conversions and selectivities dian obtained by coating prepared by other methods. 

The analysis of reaction products in the oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons by means of matrix-isolation FTIR spectroscopy,... 

In an effort to find the optimum loading and performance of the monolith, the temperature and flow non-uniformities must be taken in to account. Therefore, a study was carried out firstly to harmonize the data reported in the literature for comparing the catalyst performances based on similar space times. Selected data from literature on the precious metals for CO oxidation reactions were harmonized and Arrhenius parameters were obtained (1-3,6-9). When the bed porosity data was not available an average estimate of the bed porosity was used to uniformly report the space times in terms of h units. The same analysis was applied to oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons present in the exhaust gas such as benzene, toluene, hexane and octane (3, 9-11). After the performance harmonization of the rate data on selected catalysts, the reaction model was used to estimate conversion profiles in a typical monolithic reactor. 

Karpukhina, G. V Maizus, Z. K. and Matienko, L. I. Interaction of inhibitors — phenols and aromatic amines in the oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons. Neftekhimiya. 

Alternatively, energy might be transferred in a collision.The photosensitized (RB) oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons vide supra) is among these. 

Inert Feed Material to Control Exothermic Reactions. In some cases, it may be necessary to add additional inert feed streams to the process in order to control the reactions taking place. Common exanples of this are partial oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons. For exanple, consider the partial oxidation of propylene to give acrylic acid, an inportant chemical in the production of acrylic polymers. The feeds consist of nearly pure propylene, air, and steam The basic reactions that take place are as follows ... 

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