Optimum loading

When employed in elastomeric systems it is commonly observed that the finer the particle size the higher the values of such properties as tensile strength, modulus and hardness. Coarser particles will tend to give compounds less strong than compounds with the filler absent, but if the particle size is sufficiently fine there is an enhancement in the above-mentioned properties (at least up to an optimum loading of filler) and the phenomenon is known as reinforcement. The particle shape also has an influence for example, the somewhat plate-like china... 

Due to the rapid decrease in specific efficiency with increasing load, the optimum load factor is equal to a... 

Usually, the use of hydrogen peroxide in conjunction with ultrasound is beneficial only till an optimum loading [65-67]. The optimum value will be dependent on the nature of the chemical reactions and the operating conditions in terms of power density/operating frequency (these decide the rate of generation of the free radicals) and laboratory scale studies are essential to establish this optimum for the specific application in question. Literature reports may not necessarily give correct solutions (for optimum concentration) even if matching is done with respect to the... 

Loading efficiencies were measured for a series of 30 generators ranging in activity from 5 to 20 mCi. In all cases loading efficiencies exceeded 99%. Optimum loading was achieved at flow... 

Another well-studied catalyst system is Cr203 loaded onto various supports used in almost exclusively in the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutylene.361-364 In the case of Cr203 on La2(C03)3, the surface active center was found to be a chromate species bound to the surface La carbonate.361 With optimum loadings between 10-15% selectivities exceed 95% below 250°C. Correlations between... 

Hardness measured in units of Mohs scale Mineral Chemical formula Measured 1 Vickers Hv (with micro- measurement) lardness Rnoop hk. - H0 in nl >0 i Khrushchev tr° yC° hardness efficient. 1f classes A h = Ho Hl = 0.7 /Hv Htheor calculated by Pova-rennykh (1963) Optimum load of indenter P, mN ... 

Hardness measured in units of Mohs scale Mineral Chemical formula Measured hardness Aniso- H0 in Optimum load of indenter P, mN... 

Mineral Chemical formula 1 Vickers By (with micromea- surement) Knoop Bk tropy coeffi- cient K Hl -7/7 Khrushchev hardness classes Bo = 0.7 f By Optimum load of indenter f,mN... 

K Optimum Loading Density. See under Limiting Density... 

Fig. 16.10 Time course of gas evolution over K2La2TM0 C wit optimum loading (3.0 wt% Ni) and optimum KOH concentration (0.1...

Solar energy being collected is insufficient to meet the demand at optimum loading and therefore is supplemented by heat energy from storage. 

In order to accumulate the data for a van Deemter plot (described above) it is necessary to carry out a series of separations on a preparative column of at least 50 mm diameter. This can be done isocratically or using the gradient and optimum load conditions selected above. However, if the study is done using gradient elution the gradient length should be reduced in proportion to increased flow rate. Suggested linear flow rates for this study are 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 and 135 cm/h. These flow rates correspond to approximately 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 cm3/min for a 50 mm diameter column. 

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